diff --git a/components/dfs/dfs_v2/src/dfs.c b/components/dfs/dfs_v2/src/dfs.c
index 1eb9681ebf..04f2657d65 100644
--- a/components/dfs/dfs_v2/src/dfs.c
+++ b/components/dfs/dfs_v2/src/dfs.c
@@ -295,6 +295,10 @@ void fdt_fd_release(struct dfs_fdtable *fdt, int fd)
         if (file && file->ref_count == 1)
         {
             rt_mutex_detach(&file->pos_lock);
+            if (file->mmap_context)
+            {
+                rt_free(file->mmap_context);
+            }
             rt_free(file);
         }
         else
diff --git a/components/lwp/libc_musl.h b/components/lwp/libc_musl.h
index e899a0e717..0c93340b7f 100644
--- a/components/lwp/libc_musl.h
+++ b/components/lwp/libc_musl.h
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 #define PMUTEX_DESTROY 3
 
 /* for sys/mman.h */
-#define MAP_FAILED ((void *)-1)
 
 #define MAP_SHARED          0x01
 #define MAP_PRIVATE         0x02
diff --git a/components/lwp/lwp.c b/components/lwp/lwp.c
index 7f5022854f..68be3a927c 100644
--- a/components/lwp/lwp.c
+++ b/components/lwp/lwp.c
@@ -1157,6 +1157,10 @@ rt_err_t lwp_children_register(struct rt_lwp *parent, struct rt_lwp *child)
     LWP_UNLOCK(parent);
 
     LOG_D("%s(parent=%p, child=%p)", __func__, parent, child);
+    /* parent holds reference to child */
+    lwp_ref_inc(parent);
+    /* child holds reference to parent */
+    lwp_ref_inc(child);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1178,6 +1182,8 @@ rt_err_t lwp_children_unregister(struct rt_lwp *parent, struct rt_lwp *child)
     LWP_UNLOCK(parent);
 
     LOG_D("%s(parent=%p, child=%p)", __func__, parent, child);
+    lwp_ref_dec(child);
+    lwp_ref_dec(parent);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1195,7 +1201,7 @@ pid_t lwp_execve(char *filename, int debug, int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 
     if (filename == RT_NULL)
     {
-        return -RT_ERROR;
+        return -EINVAL;
     }
 
     if (access(filename, X_OK) != 0)
@@ -1208,7 +1214,7 @@ pid_t lwp_execve(char *filename, int debug, int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
     if (lwp == RT_NULL)
     {
         dbg_log(DBG_ERROR, "lwp struct out of memory!\n");
-        return -RT_ENOMEM;
+        return -ENOMEM;
     }
     LOG_D("lwp malloc : %p, size: %d!", lwp, sizeof(struct rt_lwp));
 
diff --git a/components/lwp/lwp.h b/components/lwp/lwp.h
index ec1df1402e..20ac68eedb 100644
--- a/components/lwp/lwp.h
+++ b/components/lwp/lwp.h
@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ char *lwp_getcwd(void);
 void lwp_request_thread_exit(rt_thread_t thread_to_exit);
 int  lwp_check_exit_request(void);
 void lwp_terminate(struct rt_lwp *lwp);
-void lwp_wait_subthread_exit(void);
 
 int lwp_tid_init(void);
 int lwp_tid_get(void);
diff --git a/components/lwp/lwp_pid.c b/components/lwp/lwp_pid.c
index cee21aeca9..11bd9b7f65 100644
--- a/components/lwp/lwp_pid.c
+++ b/components/lwp/lwp_pid.c
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
  * 2023-07-27     shell        Move the detach of children process on parent exit to lwp_terminate.
  *                             Make lwp_from_pid locked by caller to avoid possible use-after-free
  *                             error
+ * 2023-10-27     shell        Format codes of sys_exit(). Fix the data racing where lock is missed
+ *                             Add reference on pid/tid, so the resource is not freed while using.
  */
 
 #include <rthw.h>
@@ -149,6 +151,8 @@ void lwp_pid_put(struct rt_lwp *lwp)
 
     /* reset pid field */
     lwp->pid = 0;
+    /* clear reference */
+    lwp_ref_dec(lwp);
 }
 
 static void lwp_pid_set_lwp_locked(pid_t pid, struct rt_lwp *lwp)
@@ -159,6 +163,7 @@ static void lwp_pid_set_lwp_locked(pid_t pid, struct rt_lwp *lwp)
     if (p)
     {
         p->data = lwp;
+        lwp_ref_inc(lwp);
     }
 }
 
@@ -393,8 +398,9 @@ void lwp_free(struct rt_lwp* lwp)
      * - lwp (RW. there is no other writer/reader compete with lwp_free, since
      *   all the reference is clear)
      */
-    LOG_D("lwp free: %p\n", lwp);
+    LOG_D("lwp free: %p", lwp);
 
+    LWP_LOCK(lwp);
 
     if (lwp->args != RT_NULL)
     {
@@ -407,18 +413,8 @@ void lwp_free(struct rt_lwp* lwp)
         lwp->args = RT_NULL;
     }
 
-    if (lwp->fdt.fds != RT_NULL)
-    {
-        /* auto clean fds */
-        __exit_files(lwp);
-        rt_free(lwp->fdt.fds);
-        lwp->fdt.fds = RT_NULL;
-    }
-
     lwp_user_object_clear(lwp);
     lwp_user_object_lock_destroy(lwp);
-    RT_ASSERT(lwp->lwp_lock.owner == RT_NULL);
-    rt_mutex_detach(&lwp->lwp_lock);
 
     /* free data section */
     if (lwp->data_entry != RT_NULL)
@@ -453,27 +449,134 @@ void lwp_free(struct rt_lwp* lwp)
     lwp_unmap_user_space(lwp);
 #endif
     timer_list_free(&lwp->timer);
-    /* for children */
-    while (lwp->first_child)
-    {
-        struct rt_lwp *child;
 
-        child = lwp->first_child;
-        lwp->first_child = child->sibling;
-        if (child->terminated)
-        {
-            lwp_pid_put(child);
-            rt_free(child);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            /** Note: safe since the slist node is release */
-            child->sibling = RT_NULL;
-            /* Note: this may cause an orphan lwp */
-            child->parent = RT_NULL;
-        }
+    LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+    RT_ASSERT(lwp->lwp_lock.owner == RT_NULL);
+    rt_mutex_detach(&lwp->lwp_lock);
+
+    /**
+     * pid must have release before enter lwp_free()
+     * otherwise this is a data racing
+     */
+    RT_ASSERT(lwp->pid == 0);
+    rt_free(lwp);
+}
+
+rt_inline rt_noreturn
+void _thread_exit(rt_lwp_t lwp, rt_thread_t thread)
+{
+    /**
+     * Note: the tid tree always hold a reference to thread, hence the tid must
+     * be release before cleanup of thread
+     */
+    lwp_tid_put(thread->tid);
+    thread->tid = 0;
+
+    LWP_LOCK(lwp);
+    rt_list_remove(&thread->sibling);
+    LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+
+    rt_thread_delete(thread);
+    rt_schedule();
+    while (1) ;
+}
+
+rt_inline void _clear_child_tid(rt_thread_t thread)
+{
+    if (thread->clear_child_tid)
+    {
+        int t = 0;
+        int *clear_child_tid = thread->clear_child_tid;
+
+        thread->clear_child_tid = RT_NULL;
+        lwp_put_to_user(clear_child_tid, &t, sizeof t);
+        sys_futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE | FUTEX_PRIVATE, 1, RT_NULL, RT_NULL, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+void lwp_exit(rt_lwp_t lwp, rt_base_t status)
+{
+    rt_thread_t thread;
+
+    if (!lwp)
+    {
+        LOG_W("%s: lwp should not be null", __func__);
+        return ;
     }
 
+    thread = rt_thread_self();
+    RT_ASSERT((struct rt_lwp *)thread->lwp == lwp);
+    LOG_D("process(lwp.pid=%d) exit", lwp->pid);
+
+#ifdef ARCH_MM_MMU
+    _clear_child_tid(thread);
+
+    LWP_LOCK(lwp);
+    /**
+     * Brief: only one thread should calls exit_group(),
+     * but we can not ensured that during run-time
+     */
+    lwp->lwp_ret = LWP_CREATE_STAT(status);
+    LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+
+    lwp_terminate(lwp);
+#else
+    main_thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling);
+    if (main_thread == tid)
+    {
+        rt_thread_t sub_thread;
+        rt_list_t *list;
+
+        lwp_terminate(lwp);
+
+        /* delete all subthread */
+        while ((list = tid->sibling.prev) != &lwp->t_grp)
+        {
+            sub_thread = rt_list_entry(list, struct rt_thread, sibling);
+            rt_list_remove(&sub_thread->sibling);
+            rt_thread_delete(sub_thread);
+        }
+        lwp->lwp_ret = value;
+    }
+#endif /* ARCH_MM_MMU */
+
+    _thread_exit(lwp, thread);
+}
+
+void lwp_thread_exit(rt_thread_t thread, rt_base_t status)
+{
+    rt_thread_t header_thr;
+    struct rt_lwp *lwp;
+
+    LOG_D("%s", __func__);
+
+    RT_ASSERT(thread == rt_thread_self());
+    lwp = (struct rt_lwp *)thread->lwp;
+    RT_ASSERT(lwp != RT_NULL);
+
+#ifdef ARCH_MM_MMU
+    _clear_child_tid(thread);
+
+    LWP_LOCK(lwp);
+    header_thr = rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling);
+    if (header_thr == thread && thread->sibling.prev == &lwp->t_grp)
+    {
+        lwp->lwp_ret = LWP_CREATE_STAT(status);
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+
+        lwp_terminate(lwp);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+    }
+#endif /* ARCH_MM_MMU */
+
+    _thread_exit(lwp, thread);
+}
+
+static void _pop_tty(rt_lwp_t lwp)
+{
     if (!lwp->background)
     {
         struct termios *old_stdin_termios = get_old_termios();
@@ -497,36 +600,11 @@ void lwp_free(struct rt_lwp* lwp)
             }
             rt_mutex_release(&lwp->tty->lock);
 
+            LWP_LOCK(lwp);
             lwp->tty = RT_NULL;
+            LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
         }
     }
-
-    /* for parent */
-    if (lwp->parent)
-    {
-        struct rt_thread *thread;
-        if (!rt_list_isempty(&lwp->wait_list))
-        {
-            thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->wait_list.next, struct rt_thread, tlist);
-            thread->error = RT_EOK;
-            thread->msg_ret = (void*)(rt_size_t)lwp->lwp_ret;
-            rt_thread_resume(thread);
-            return;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            struct rt_lwp **it = &lwp->parent->first_child;
-
-            while (*it != lwp)
-            {
-                it = &(*it)->sibling;
-            }
-            *it = lwp->sibling;
-        }
-    }
-
-    lwp_pid_put(lwp);
-    rt_free(lwp);
 }
 
 /** @note the reference is not for synchronization, but for the release of resource. the synchronization is done through lwp & pid lock */
@@ -689,13 +767,29 @@ static sysret_t _lwp_wait_and_recycle(struct rt_lwp *child, rt_thread_t cur_thr,
                 rt_list_insert_before(&child->wait_list, &(cur_thr->tlist));
                 LWP_UNLOCK(child);
 
+                rt_set_errno(RT_EINTR);
                 rt_exit_critical();
                 rt_schedule();
 
-                if (child->terminated)
-                    error = child->pid;
+                /**
+                 * Since parent is holding a reference to children this lock will
+                 * not be freed before parent dereference to it.
+                 */
+                LWP_LOCK(child);
+
+                error = rt_get_errno();
+                if (error == RT_EINTR)
+                {
+                    error = -EINTR;
+                }
+                else if (error != RT_EOK)
+                {
+                    LOG_W("%s: unexpected error code %ld", __func__, error);
+                }
                 else
-                    error = -RT_EINTR;
+                {
+                    error = child->pid;
+                }
             }
             else
                 rt_exit_critical();
@@ -705,18 +799,18 @@ static sysret_t _lwp_wait_and_recycle(struct rt_lwp *child, rt_thread_t cur_thr,
 
         lwp_stat = child->lwp_ret;
         terminated = child->terminated;
-        if (!terminated)
-            LWP_UNLOCK(child);
+        LWP_UNLOCK(child);
 
         if (error > 0)
         {
             if (terminated)
             {
+                LOG_D("func %s: child detached", __func__);
                 /** Reap the child process if it's exited */
-                lwp_children_unregister(self_lwp, child);
-                child->parent = RT_NULL;
                 lwp_pid_put(child);
+                lwp_children_unregister(self_lwp, child);
             }
+
             if (status)
                 lwp_data_put(self_lwp, status, &lwp_stat, sizeof(*status));
         }
@@ -880,16 +974,15 @@ long list_process(void)
 
                     thread = threads[index];
 
-                    /** FIXME: take the rt_thread_t lock */
-                    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
+                    level = rt_spin_lock_irqsave(&thread->spinlock);
                     if ((rt_object_get_type(&thread->parent) & ~RT_Object_Class_Static) != RT_Object_Class_Thread)
                     {
-                        rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
+                        rt_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&thread->spinlock, level);
                         continue;
                     }
 
                     rt_memcpy(&th, thread, sizeof(struct rt_thread));
-                    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
+                    rt_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&thread->spinlock, level);
 
                     if (th.lwp == RT_NULL)
                     {
@@ -989,8 +1082,7 @@ static int found_thread(struct rt_lwp* lwp, rt_thread_t thread)
     rt_base_t level;
     rt_list_t *list;
 
-    /** FIXME: take the rt_thread_t lock */
-    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
+    level = rt_spin_lock_irqsave(&thread->spinlock);
     list = lwp->t_grp.next;
     while (list != &lwp->t_grp)
     {
@@ -1004,7 +1096,7 @@ static int found_thread(struct rt_lwp* lwp, rt_thread_t thread)
         }
         list = list->next;
     }
-    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
+    rt_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&thread->spinlock, level);
     return found;
 }
 
@@ -1022,8 +1114,7 @@ void lwp_request_thread_exit(rt_thread_t thread_to_exit)
         return;
     }
 
-    /* FIXME: take the rt_thread_t lock */
-    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
+    level = rt_spin_lock_irqsave(&thread_to_exit->spinlock);
 
     main_thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling);
     if (thread_to_exit == main_thread)
@@ -1063,14 +1154,15 @@ void lwp_request_thread_exit(rt_thread_t thread_to_exit)
     }
 
 finish:
-    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
+    rt_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&thread_to_exit->spinlock, level);
     return;
 }
 
+static void _wait_sibling_exit(rt_lwp_t lwp, rt_thread_t curr_thread);
+static void _resr_cleanup(struct rt_lwp *lwp);
+
 void lwp_terminate(struct rt_lwp *lwp)
 {
-    rt_list_t *list;
-
     if (!lwp)
     {
         /* kernel thread not support */
@@ -1085,46 +1177,50 @@ void lwp_terminate(struct rt_lwp *lwp)
     {
         /* stop the receiving of signals */
         lwp->terminated = RT_TRUE;
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
 
-        /* broadcast exit request for sibling threads */
-        for (list = lwp->t_grp.next; list != &lwp->t_grp; list = list->next)
+        _wait_sibling_exit(lwp, rt_thread_self());
+        _resr_cleanup(lwp);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+    }
+}
+
+static void _wait_sibling_exit(rt_lwp_t lwp, rt_thread_t curr_thread)
+{
+    rt_base_t level;
+    rt_list_t *list;
+    rt_thread_t thread;
+
+    /* broadcast exit request for sibling threads */
+    LWP_LOCK(lwp);
+    for (list = lwp->t_grp.next; list != &lwp->t_grp; list = list->next)
+    {
+        thread = rt_list_entry(list, struct rt_thread, sibling);
+        level = rt_spin_lock_irqsave(&thread->spinlock);
+        if (thread->exit_request == LWP_EXIT_REQUEST_NONE)
         {
-            rt_thread_t thread;
+            thread->exit_request = LWP_EXIT_REQUEST_TRIGGERED;
+        }
+        rt_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&thread->spinlock, level);
 
-            thread = rt_list_entry(list, struct rt_thread, sibling);
-            if (thread->exit_request == LWP_EXIT_REQUEST_NONE)
-            {
-                thread->exit_request = LWP_EXIT_REQUEST_TRIGGERED;
-            }
-            if ((thread->stat & RT_THREAD_SUSPEND_MASK) == RT_THREAD_SUSPEND_MASK)
-            {
-                thread->error = RT_EINTR;
-                rt_hw_dsb();
-                rt_thread_wakeup(thread);
-            }
+        level = rt_spin_lock_irqsave(&thread->spinlock);
+        if ((thread->stat & RT_THREAD_SUSPEND_MASK) == RT_THREAD_SUSPEND_MASK)
+        {
+            thread->error = RT_EINTR;
+            rt_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&thread->spinlock, level);
+
+            rt_hw_dsb();
+            rt_thread_wakeup(thread);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            rt_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&thread->spinlock, level);
         }
     }
     LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
-}
-
-void lwp_wait_subthread_exit(void)
-{
-    struct rt_lwp *lwp;
-    rt_thread_t thread;
-    rt_thread_t main_thread;
-
-    lwp = lwp_self();
-    if (!lwp)
-    {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    thread = rt_thread_self();
-    main_thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling);
-    if (thread != main_thread)
-    {
-        return;
-    }
 
     while (1)
     {
@@ -1138,7 +1234,7 @@ void lwp_wait_subthread_exit(void)
          * - sibling list of lwp (RW. It will clear all siblings finally)
          */
         LWP_LOCK(lwp);
-        subthread_is_terminated = (int)(thread->sibling.prev == &lwp->t_grp);
+        subthread_is_terminated = (int)(curr_thread->sibling.prev == &lwp->t_grp);
         if (!subthread_is_terminated)
         {
             rt_thread_t sub_thread;
@@ -1146,7 +1242,7 @@ void lwp_wait_subthread_exit(void)
             int all_subthread_in_init = 1;
 
             /* check all subthread is in init state */
-            for (list = thread->sibling.prev; list != &lwp->t_grp; list = list->prev)
+            for (list = curr_thread->sibling.prev; list != &lwp->t_grp; list = list->prev)
             {
 
                 sub_thread = rt_list_entry(list, struct rt_thread, sibling);
@@ -1159,7 +1255,7 @@ void lwp_wait_subthread_exit(void)
             if (all_subthread_in_init)
             {
                 /* delete all subthread */
-                while ((list = thread->sibling.prev) != &lwp->t_grp)
+                while ((list = curr_thread->sibling.prev) != &lwp->t_grp)
                 {
                     sub_thread = rt_list_entry(list, struct rt_thread, sibling);
                     rt_list_remove(&sub_thread->sibling);
@@ -1187,13 +1283,104 @@ void lwp_wait_subthread_exit(void)
     }
 }
 
+static void _resr_cleanup(struct rt_lwp *lwp)
+{
+    LWP_LOCK(lwp);
+    lwp_signal_detach(&lwp->signal);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Detach children from lwp
+     *
+     * @note Critical Section
+     * - the lwp (RW. Release lwp)
+     * - the pid resource manager (RW. Release the pid)
+     */
+    while (lwp->first_child)
+    {
+        struct rt_lwp *child;
+
+        child = lwp->first_child;
+        lwp->first_child = child->sibling;
+
+        /** @note safe since the slist node is release */
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+        LWP_LOCK(child);
+        child->sibling = RT_NULL;
+        /* info: this may cause an orphan lwp */
+        child->parent = RT_NULL;
+        LWP_UNLOCK(child);
+        lwp_ref_dec(child);
+        lwp_ref_dec(lwp);
+
+        LWP_LOCK(lwp);
+    }
+    LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+
+    _pop_tty(lwp);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Wakeup parent if it's waiting for this lwp, otherwise a signal
+     *        will be sent to parent
+     *
+     * @note Critical Section
+     * - the parent lwp (RW.)
+     */
+    LWP_LOCK(lwp);
+    if (lwp->parent)
+    {
+        struct rt_thread *thread;
+
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+        if (!rt_list_isempty(&lwp->wait_list))
+        {
+            thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->wait_list.next, struct rt_thread, tlist);
+            thread->error = RT_EOK;
+            thread->msg_ret = (void*)(rt_size_t)lwp->lwp_ret;
+            rt_thread_resume(thread);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* children cannot detach itself and must wait for parent to take care of it */
+            lwp_signal_kill(lwp->parent, SIGCHLD, CLD_EXITED, 0);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+
+        /* INFO: orphan hasn't parents to do the reap of pid */
+        lwp_pid_put(lwp);
+    }
+
+    LWP_LOCK(lwp);
+    if (lwp->fdt.fds != RT_NULL)
+    {
+        struct dfs_file **fds;
+
+        /* auto clean fds */
+        __exit_files(lwp);
+        fds = lwp->fdt.fds;
+        lwp->fdt.fds = RT_NULL;
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+
+        rt_free(fds);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LWP_UNLOCK(lwp);
+    }
+}
+
 static int _lwp_setaffinity(pid_t pid, int cpu)
 {
     struct rt_lwp *lwp;
     int ret = -1;
 
     lwp_pid_lock_take();
-    lwp = lwp_from_pid_locked(pid);
+    if(pid == 0)
+        lwp = lwp_self();
+    else
+        lwp = lwp_from_pid_locked(pid);
     if (lwp)
     {
 #ifdef RT_USING_SMP
diff --git a/components/lwp/lwp_pid.h b/components/lwp/lwp_pid.h
index 77832519ae..c9e8b945b7 100644
--- a/components/lwp/lwp_pid.h
+++ b/components/lwp/lwp_pid.h
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ rt_inline void lwp_from_pid_release_lock(struct rt_lwp *lwp)
         lwp_ref_dec(lwp);
 }
 
+void lwp_thread_exit(rt_thread_t thread, rt_base_t status);
+void lwp_exit(struct rt_lwp *lwp, rt_base_t status);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/components/lwp/lwp_pmutex.c b/components/lwp/lwp_pmutex.c
index b5f6385100..08c8b3b082 100644
--- a/components/lwp/lwp_pmutex.c
+++ b/components/lwp/lwp_pmutex.c
@@ -298,12 +298,12 @@ static int _pthread_mutex_lock_timeout(void *umutex, struct timespec *timeout)
             lwp_mutex_release_safe(&_pmutex_lock);
             return -EDEADLK;
         }
+        lwp_mutex_release_safe(&_pmutex_lock);
         lock_ret = rt_mutex_take_interruptible(pmutex->lock.kmutex, time);
         if (lock_ret == RT_EOK)
         {
             umutex_p->_m_lock = rt_thread_self()->tid;
         }
-        lwp_mutex_release_safe(&_pmutex_lock);
         break;
     default: /* unknown type */
         return -EINVAL;
diff --git a/components/lwp/lwp_signal.c b/components/lwp/lwp_signal.c
index c791465429..7163f60bfc 100644
--- a/components/lwp/lwp_signal.c
+++ b/components/lwp/lwp_signal.c
@@ -764,7 +764,6 @@ rt_err_t lwp_signal_action(struct rt_lwp *lwp, int signo,
     rt_list_t *thread_list;
     rt_err_t ret = RT_EOK;
 
-
     if (lwp)
     {
         /** acquire READ access to lwp */
diff --git a/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c b/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c
index 775781afda..0f35ad889d 100644
--- a/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c
+++ b/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.c
@@ -328,104 +328,35 @@ static void _crt_thread_entry(void *parameter)
 /* exit group */
 sysret_t sys_exit_group(int value)
 {
-    rt_thread_t tid, main_thread;
-    struct rt_lwp *lwp;
+    sysret_t rc = 0;
+    struct rt_lwp *lwp = lwp_self();
 
-    tid = rt_thread_self();
-    lwp = (struct rt_lwp *)tid->lwp;
-    LOG_D("process(%p) exit.", lwp);
-
-#ifdef ARCH_MM_MMU
-    if (tid->clear_child_tid)
+    if (lwp)
+        lwp_exit(lwp, value);
+    else
     {
-        int t = 0;
-        int *clear_child_tid = tid->clear_child_tid;
-
-        tid->clear_child_tid = RT_NULL;
-        lwp_put_to_user(clear_child_tid, &t, sizeof t);
-        sys_futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE | FUTEX_PRIVATE, 1, RT_NULL, RT_NULL, 0);
+        LOG_E("Can't find matching process of current thread");
+        rc = -EINVAL;
     }
-    lwp_terminate(lwp);
 
-    main_thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling);
-    if (main_thread == tid)
-    {
-        lwp_wait_subthread_exit();
-        lwp->lwp_ret = LWP_CREATE_STAT(value);
-    }
-#else
-    main_thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling);
-    if (main_thread == tid)
-    {
-        rt_thread_t sub_thread;
-        rt_list_t *list;
-
-        lwp_terminate(lwp);
-
-        /* delete all subthread */
-        while ((list = tid->sibling.prev) != &lwp->t_grp)
-        {
-            sub_thread = rt_list_entry(list, struct rt_thread, sibling);
-            rt_list_remove(&sub_thread->sibling);
-            rt_thread_delete(sub_thread);
-        }
-        lwp->lwp_ret = value;
-    }
-#endif /* ARCH_MM_MMU */
-
-    /**
-     * Note: the tid tree always hold a reference to thread, hence the tid must
-     * be release before cleanup of thread
-     */
-    lwp_tid_put(tid->tid);
-    tid->tid = 0;
-    rt_list_remove(&tid->sibling);
-    rt_thread_delete(tid);
-    rt_schedule();
-
-    /* never reach here */
-    RT_ASSERT(0);
-    return 0;
+    return rc;
 }
 
 /* thread exit */
-void sys_exit(int status)
+sysret_t sys_exit(int status)
 {
-    rt_thread_t tid, main_thread;
-    struct rt_lwp *lwp;
-
-    LOG_D("thread exit");
+    sysret_t rc = 0;
+    rt_thread_t tid;
 
     tid = rt_thread_self();
-    lwp = (struct rt_lwp *)tid->lwp;
-
-#ifdef ARCH_MM_MMU
-    if (tid->clear_child_tid)
+    if (tid && tid->lwp)
+        lwp_thread_exit(tid, status);
     {
-        int t = 0;
-        int *clear_child_tid = tid->clear_child_tid;
-
-        tid->clear_child_tid = RT_NULL;
-        lwp_put_to_user(clear_child_tid, &t, sizeof t);
-        sys_futex(clear_child_tid, FUTEX_WAKE, 1, RT_NULL, RT_NULL, 0);
+        LOG_E("Can't find matching process of current thread");
+        rc = -EINVAL;
     }
 
-    main_thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling);
-    if (main_thread == tid && tid->sibling.prev == &lwp->t_grp)
-    {
-        lwp_terminate(lwp);
-        lwp_wait_subthread_exit();
-        lwp->lwp_ret = LWP_CREATE_STAT(status);
-    }
-#endif /* ARCH_MM_MMU */
-
-    lwp_tid_put(tid->tid);
-    tid->tid = 0;
-    rt_list_remove(&tid->sibling);
-    rt_thread_delete(tid);
-    rt_schedule();
-
-    return;
+    return rc;
 }
 
 /* syscall: "read" ret: "ssize_t" args: "int" "void *" "size_t" */
@@ -1174,18 +1105,28 @@ sysret_t sys_getpid(void)
 /* syscall: "getpriority" ret: "int" args: "int" "id_t" */
 sysret_t sys_getpriority(int which, id_t who)
 {
+    long prio = 0xff;
+
     if (which == PRIO_PROCESS)
     {
-        rt_thread_t tid;
+        struct rt_lwp *lwp = RT_NULL;
 
-        tid = rt_thread_self();
-        if (who == (id_t)(rt_size_t)tid || who == 0xff)
+        lwp_pid_lock_take();
+        if(who == 0)
+            lwp = lwp_self();
+        else
+            lwp = lwp_from_pid_locked(who);
+
+        if (lwp)
         {
-            return tid->current_priority;
+            rt_thread_t thread = rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling);
+            prio = thread->current_priority;
         }
+
+        lwp_pid_lock_release();
     }
 
-    return 0xff;
+    return prio;
 }
 
 /* syscall: "setpriority" ret: "int" args: "int" "id_t" "int" */
@@ -1193,14 +1134,30 @@ sysret_t sys_setpriority(int which, id_t who, int prio)
 {
     if (which == PRIO_PROCESS)
     {
-        rt_thread_t tid;
+        struct rt_lwp *lwp = RT_NULL;
 
-        tid = rt_thread_self();
-        if ((who == (id_t)(rt_size_t)tid || who == 0xff) && (prio >= 0 && prio < RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX))
+        lwp_pid_lock_take();
+        if(who == 0)
+            lwp = lwp_self();
+        else
+            lwp = lwp_from_pid_locked(who);
+
+        if (lwp && prio >= 0 && prio < RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX)
         {
-            rt_thread_control(tid, RT_THREAD_CTRL_CHANGE_PRIORITY, &prio);
+            rt_list_t *list;
+            rt_thread_t thread;
+            for (list = lwp->t_grp.next; list != &lwp->t_grp; list = list->next)
+            {
+                thread = rt_list_entry(list, struct rt_thread, sibling);
+                rt_thread_control(thread, RT_THREAD_CTRL_CHANGE_PRIORITY, &prio);
+            }
+            lwp_pid_lock_release();
             return 0;
         }
+        else
+        {
+            lwp_pid_lock_release();
+        }
     }
 
     return -1;
@@ -2790,6 +2747,7 @@ sysret_t sys_execve(const char *path, char *const argv[], char *const envp[])
          * Since no other threads can access the lwp field, it't uneccessary to
          * take a lock here
          */
+        RT_ASSERT(rt_list_entry(lwp->t_grp.prev, struct rt_thread, sibling) == thread);
 
         strncpy(thread->parent.name, run_name + last_backslash, RT_NAME_MAX);
         strncpy(lwp->cmd, new_lwp->cmd, RT_NAME_MAX);
@@ -5560,7 +5518,6 @@ sysret_t sys_sched_getscheduler(int tid, int *policy, void *param)
     struct sched_param *sched_param = RT_NULL;
     rt_thread_t thread = RT_NULL;
 
-
     if (!lwp_user_accessable(param, sizeof(struct sched_param)))
     {
         return -EFAULT;
diff --git a/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.h b/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.h
index f8b0ee1e82..b7e7b09f55 100644
--- a/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.h
+++ b/components/lwp/lwp_syscall.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ typedef uint32_t id_t;          /* may contain pid, uid or gid */
 const char *lwp_get_syscall_name(rt_uint32_t number);
 const void *lwp_get_sys_api(rt_uint32_t number);
 
-void sys_exit(int value);
+sysret_t sys_exit(int value);
 sysret_t sys_exit_group(int status);
 ssize_t sys_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte);
 ssize_t sys_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbyte);
diff --git a/components/mm/mm_anon.c b/components/mm/mm_anon.c
index 9cfe072bb1..42303a0b57 100644
--- a/components/mm/mm_anon.c
+++ b/components/mm/mm_anon.c
@@ -109,11 +109,67 @@ rt_err_t rt_aspace_anon_ref_dec(rt_mem_obj_t aobj)
     return rc;
 }
 
+void rt_varea_pgmgr_insert(rt_varea_t varea, void *page_addr)
+{
+    /* each mapping of page frame in the varea is binding with a reference */
+    rt_page_ref_inc(page_addr, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Private unmapping of address space
+ */
+static void _pgmgr_pop_all(rt_varea_t varea)
+{
+    rt_aspace_t aspace = varea->aspace;
+    char *iter = varea->start;
+    char *end_addr = iter + varea->size;
+
+    RT_ASSERT(iter < end_addr);
+    RT_ASSERT(!((long)iter & ARCH_PAGE_MASK));
+    RT_ASSERT(!((long)end_addr & ARCH_PAGE_MASK));
+
+    for (; iter != end_addr; iter += ARCH_PAGE_SIZE)
+    {
+        void *page_pa = rt_hw_mmu_v2p(aspace, iter);
+        char *page_va = rt_kmem_p2v(page_pa);
+        if (page_pa != ARCH_MAP_FAILED && page_va)
+        {
+            rt_hw_mmu_unmap(aspace, iter, ARCH_PAGE_SIZE);
+            rt_pages_free(page_va, 0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void _pgmgr_pop_range(rt_varea_t varea, void *rm_start, void *rm_end)
+{
+    void *page_va;
+
+    RT_ASSERT(!((rt_ubase_t)rm_start & ARCH_PAGE_MASK));
+    RT_ASSERT(!((rt_ubase_t)rm_end & ARCH_PAGE_MASK));
+    while (rm_start != rm_end)
+    {
+        page_va = rt_hw_mmu_v2p(varea->aspace, rm_start);
+
+        if (page_va != ARCH_MAP_FAILED)
+        {
+            page_va -= PV_OFFSET;
+            LOG_D("%s: free page %p", __func__, page_va);
+            rt_varea_unmap_page(varea, rm_start);
+            rt_pages_free(page_va, 0);
+        }
+        rm_start += ARCH_PAGE_SIZE;
+    }
+}
+
 static const char *_anon_get_name(rt_varea_t varea)
 {
     return varea->aspace == _anon_obj_get_backup(varea->mem_obj) ? "anonymous" : "reference";
 }
 
+/**
+ * Migration handler on varea re-construction
+ */
+
 static void _anon_varea_open(struct rt_varea *varea)
 {
     rt_aspace_anon_ref_inc(varea->mem_obj);
@@ -127,7 +183,9 @@ static void _anon_varea_open(struct rt_varea *varea)
 static void _anon_varea_close(struct rt_varea *varea)
 {
     rt_aspace_anon_ref_dec(varea->mem_obj);
-    rt_mm_dummy_mapper.on_varea_close(varea);
+
+    /* unmap and dereference page frames in the varea region */
+    _pgmgr_pop_all(varea);
 }
 
 static rt_err_t _anon_varea_expand(struct rt_varea *varea, void *new_vaddr, rt_size_t size)
@@ -137,21 +195,45 @@ static rt_err_t _anon_varea_expand(struct rt_varea *varea, void *new_vaddr, rt_s
 
 static rt_err_t _anon_varea_shrink(rt_varea_t varea, void *new_start, rt_size_t size)
 {
-    return rt_mm_dummy_mapper.on_varea_shrink(varea, new_start, size);
+    char *varea_start = varea->start;
+    void *rm_start;
+    void *rm_end;
+
+    if (varea_start == (char *)new_start)
+    {
+        rm_start = varea_start + size;
+        rm_end = varea_start + varea->size;
+    }
+    else /* if (varea_start < (char *)new_start) */
+    {
+        RT_ASSERT(varea_start < (char *)new_start);
+        rm_start = varea_start;
+        rm_end = new_start;
+    }
+
+    _pgmgr_pop_range(varea, rm_start, rm_end);
+    return RT_EOK;
 }
 
 static rt_err_t _anon_varea_split(struct rt_varea *existed, void *unmap_start, rt_size_t unmap_len, struct rt_varea *subset)
 {
+    /* remove the resource in the unmap region, and do nothing for the subset */
+    _pgmgr_pop_range(existed, unmap_start, (char *)unmap_start + unmap_len);
+
     _anon_varea_open(subset);
-    return rt_mm_dummy_mapper.on_varea_split(existed, unmap_start, unmap_len, subset);
+    return RT_EOK;
 }
 
 static rt_err_t _anon_varea_merge(struct rt_varea *merge_to, struct rt_varea *merge_from)
 {
-    _anon_varea_close(merge_from);
-    return rt_mm_dummy_mapper.on_varea_merge(merge_to, merge_from);
+    /* do nothing for the varea merge */
+    return RT_EOK;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Private mapping of address space
+ */
+
 rt_inline void _map_page_in_varea(rt_aspace_t asapce, rt_varea_t varea,
                                   struct rt_aspace_fault_msg *msg, char *fault_addr)
 {
@@ -168,6 +250,7 @@ rt_inline void _map_page_in_varea(rt_aspace_t asapce, rt_varea_t varea,
     }
 }
 
+/* page frame inquiry or allocation in backup address space */
 static void *_get_page_from_backup(rt_aspace_t backup, rt_base_t offset_in_mobj)
 {
     void *frame_pa;
diff --git a/components/mm/mm_object.c b/components/mm/mm_object.c
index fdd435b74e..03c56623f6 100644
--- a/components/mm/mm_object.c
+++ b/components/mm/mm_object.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 #define DBG_TAG "mm.object"
 #define DBG_LVL DBG_INFO
-#include "rtdbg.h"
+#include <rtdbg.h>
 
 #include <rtthread.h>
 
@@ -31,31 +31,6 @@ static const char *get_name(rt_varea_t varea)
     return "dummy-mapper";
 }
 
-void rt_varea_pgmgr_insert(rt_varea_t varea, void *page_addr)
-{
-    /* each mapping of page frame in the varea is binding with a reference */
-    rt_page_ref_inc(page_addr, 0);
-}
-
-/* resource recycling of page frames */
-void rt_varea_pgmgr_pop_all(rt_varea_t varea)
-{
-    rt_aspace_t aspace = varea->aspace;
-    char *end_addr = varea->start + varea->size;
-    RT_ASSERT(!((long)end_addr & ARCH_PAGE_MASK));
-
-    for (char *iter = varea->start; iter != end_addr; iter += ARCH_PAGE_SIZE)
-    {
-        void *page_pa = rt_hw_mmu_v2p(aspace, iter);
-        char *page_va = rt_kmem_p2v(page_pa);
-        if (page_pa != ARCH_MAP_FAILED && page_va)
-        {
-            rt_hw_mmu_unmap(aspace, iter, ARCH_PAGE_SIZE);
-            rt_pages_free(page_va, 0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 static void on_page_fault(struct rt_varea *varea, struct rt_aspace_fault_msg *msg)
 {
     void *page;
@@ -79,8 +54,6 @@ static void on_varea_open(struct rt_varea *varea)
 
 static void on_varea_close(struct rt_varea *varea)
 {
-    /* unmap and dereference page frames in the varea region */
-    rt_varea_pgmgr_pop_all(varea);
 }
 
 static rt_err_t on_varea_expand(struct rt_varea *varea, void *new_vaddr, rt_size_t size)
@@ -88,60 +61,18 @@ static rt_err_t on_varea_expand(struct rt_varea *varea, void *new_vaddr, rt_size
     return RT_EOK;
 }
 
-static void _remove_pages(rt_varea_t varea, void *rm_start, void *rm_end)
-{
-    void *page_va;
-
-    RT_ASSERT(!((rt_ubase_t)rm_start & ARCH_PAGE_MASK));
-    RT_ASSERT(!((rt_ubase_t)rm_end & ARCH_PAGE_MASK));
-    while (rm_start != rm_end)
-    {
-        page_va = rt_hw_mmu_v2p(varea->aspace, rm_start);
-
-        if (page_va != ARCH_MAP_FAILED)
-        {
-            page_va -= PV_OFFSET;
-            LOG_D("%s: free page %p", __func__, page_va);
-            rt_varea_unmap_page(varea, rm_start);
-            rt_pages_free(page_va, 0);
-        }
-        rm_start += ARCH_PAGE_SIZE;
-    }
-}
-
 static rt_err_t on_varea_shrink(rt_varea_t varea, void *new_start, rt_size_t size)
 {
-    char *varea_start = varea->start;
-    void *rm_start;
-    void *rm_end;
-
-    if (varea_start == (char *)new_start)
-    {
-        rm_start = varea_start + size;
-        rm_end = varea_start + varea->size;
-    }
-    else /* if (varea_start < (char *)new_start) */
-    {
-        RT_ASSERT(varea_start < (char *)new_start);
-        rm_start = varea_start;
-        rm_end = new_start;
-    }
-
-    _remove_pages(varea, rm_start, rm_end);
     return RT_EOK;
 }
 
 static rt_err_t on_varea_split(struct rt_varea *existed, void *unmap_start, rt_size_t unmap_len, struct rt_varea *subset)
 {
-    /* remove the resource in the unmap region, and do nothing for the subset */
-    _remove_pages(existed, unmap_start, (char *)unmap_start + unmap_len);
-
     return RT_EOK;
 }
 
 static rt_err_t on_varea_merge(struct rt_varea *merge_to, struct rt_varea *merge_from)
 {
-    /* do nothing for the migration */
     return RT_EOK;
 }
 
diff --git a/components/mm/mm_page.c b/components/mm/mm_page.c
index 611c0ce94d..e7b408d2c1 100644
--- a/components/mm/mm_page.c
+++ b/components/mm/mm_page.c
@@ -863,8 +863,7 @@ int rt_page_install(rt_region_t region)
 {
     int err = -RT_EINVAL;
     if (region.end != region.start && !(region.start & ARCH_PAGE_MASK) &&
-        !(region.end & ARCH_PAGE_MASK) &&
-        !((region.end - region.start) & shadow_mask))
+        !(region.end & ARCH_PAGE_MASK))
     {
         void *head = addr_to_page(page_start, (void *)region.start);
         void *tail = addr_to_page(page_start, (void *)region.end);
diff --git a/components/mm/mm_private.h b/components/mm/mm_private.h
index ac7a8987cb..2a5666e187 100644
--- a/components/mm/mm_private.h
+++ b/components/mm/mm_private.h
@@ -105,8 +105,6 @@ void _aspace_bst_insert(struct rt_aspace *aspace, struct rt_varea *varea);
  */
 void _aspace_bst_remove(struct rt_aspace *aspace, struct rt_varea *varea);
 
-void rt_varea_pgmgr_pop_all(rt_varea_t varea);
-
 int rt_varea_fix_private_locked(rt_varea_t ex_varea, void *pa,
                                 struct rt_aspace_fault_msg *msg,
                                 rt_bool_t dont_copy);
diff --git a/examples/utest/testcases/mm/mm_lwp_tc.c b/examples/utest/testcases/mm/mm_lwp_tc.c
index 76fc0c8c92..6f9bb112bf 100644
--- a/examples/utest/testcases/mm/mm_lwp_tc.c
+++ b/examples/utest/testcases/mm/mm_lwp_tc.c
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static void test_user_map_varea(void)
     uassert_true(varea->start != 0);
     uassert_true(varea->start >= (void *)USER_VADDR_START && varea->start < (void *)USER_VADDR_TOP);
 
-    uassert_true(!lwp_ref_dec(lwp));
+    uassert_true(!(lwp_ref_dec(lwp) - 1));
 }
 
 static void test_user_map_varea_ext(void)
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ static void test_user_map_varea_ext(void)
     uassert_true(varea->start != 0);
     uassert_true(varea->start >= (void *)USER_VADDR_START && varea->start < (void *)USER_VADDR_TOP);
 
-    uassert_true(!lwp_ref_dec(lwp));
+    uassert_true(!(lwp_ref_dec(lwp) - 1));
 }
 
 static void user_map_varea_tc(void)
diff --git a/libcpu/aarch64/SConscript b/libcpu/aarch64/SConscript
index 8cd26c411f..c4dd45682c 100644
--- a/libcpu/aarch64/SConscript
+++ b/libcpu/aarch64/SConscript
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ bsp_path = Dir('#').abspath
 
 if not os.path.exists(bsp_path + "/link.lds"):
     Env['LINKFLAGS'] = Env['LINKFLAGS'].replace('link.lds', cwd + "/link.lds")
-    # fix the linker with crtx.o
     Preprocessing("link.lds.S", ".lds", CPPPATH=[bsp_path])
 
+# fix the linker with crtx.o
 Env['LINKFLAGS'] += ' -nostartfiles'
 
 # add common code files
diff --git a/libcpu/aarch64/common/trap.c b/libcpu/aarch64/common/trap.c
index bac4ceaf21..325fe1e8ba 100644
--- a/libcpu/aarch64/common/trap.c
+++ b/libcpu/aarch64/common/trap.c
@@ -373,6 +373,8 @@ void rt_hw_trap_exception(struct rt_hw_exp_stack *regs)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef RT_USING_LWP
+    /* restore normal execution environment */
+    __asm__ volatile("msr daifclr, 0x3\ndmb ishst\nisb\n");
     _check_fault(regs, 0, "user fault");
 #endif