rt-thread/components/mm/mm_page.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2022, RT-Thread Development Team
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 *
 * Change Logs:
 * Date           Author       Notes
 * 2019-11-01     Jesven       The first version
 * 2022-12-13     WangXiaoyao  Hot-pluggable, extensible
 *                             page management algorithm
 * 2023-02-20     WangXiaoyao  Multi-list page-management
 */
#include <rtthread.h>

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "mm_fault.h"
#include "mm_private.h"
#include "mm_aspace.h"
#include "mm_flag.h"
#include "mm_page.h"
#include <mmu.h>

#define DBG_TAG "mm.page"
#define DBG_LVL DBG_WARNING
#include <rtdbg.h>

RT_CTASSERT(order_huge_pg, RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER > ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT - 2);
RT_CTASSERT(size_width, sizeof(rt_size_t) == sizeof(void *));

#ifdef RT_USING_SMART
#include "lwp_arch_comm.h"
#endif /* RT_USING_SMART */

static rt_size_t init_mpr_align_start;
static rt_size_t init_mpr_align_end;
static void *init_mpr_cont_start;

static struct rt_varea mpr_varea;

static struct rt_page *page_list_low[RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER];
static struct rt_page *page_list_high[RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER];

#define page_start ((rt_page_t)rt_mpr_start)

static rt_size_t page_nr;
static rt_size_t _high_pages_nr;
static rt_size_t early_offset;

static const char *get_name(rt_varea_t varea)
{
    return "master-page-record";
}

static void hint_free(rt_mm_va_hint_t hint)
{
    hint->flags = MMF_MAP_FIXED;
    hint->limit_start = rt_kernel_space.start;
    hint->limit_range_size = rt_kernel_space.size;
    hint->prefer = rt_mpr_start;
}

static void on_page_fault(struct rt_varea *varea, struct rt_aspace_fault_msg *msg)
{
    char *init_start = (void *)init_mpr_align_start;
    char *init_end = (void *)init_mpr_align_end;
    if ((char *)msg->fault_vaddr < init_end && (char *)msg->fault_vaddr >= init_start)
    {
        rt_size_t offset = (char *)msg->fault_vaddr - init_start;
        msg->response.status = MM_FAULT_STATUS_OK;
        msg->response.vaddr = (char *)init_mpr_cont_start + offset;
        msg->response.size = ARCH_PAGE_SIZE;
    }
    else
    {
        rt_mm_dummy_mapper.on_page_fault(varea, msg);
    }
}

static struct rt_mem_obj mm_page_mapper = {
    .get_name = get_name,
    .on_page_fault = on_page_fault,
    .hint_free = hint_free,
};

#ifdef RT_DEBUG_PAGE_LEAK
static volatile int enable;
static rt_page_t _trace_head;
#define TRACE_ALLOC(pg, size)       _trace_alloc(pg, __builtin_return_address(0), size)
#define TRACE_FREE(pgaddr, size)    _trace_free(pgaddr, __builtin_return_address(0), size)

void rt_page_leak_trace_start()
{
    // TODO multicore safety
    _trace_head = NULL;
    enable = 1;
}
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(rt_page_leak_trace_start, start page leak tracer);

static void _collect()
{
    rt_page_t page = _trace_head;
    if (!page)
    {
        rt_kputs("ok!\n");
    }

    while (page)
    {
        rt_page_t next = page->next;
        void *pg_va = rt_page_page2addr(page);
        LOG_W("LEAK: %p, allocator: %p, size bits: %lx", pg_va, page->caller, page->trace_size);
        rt_pages_free(pg_va, page->trace_size);
        page = next;
    }
}

void rt_page_leak_trace_stop()
{
    // TODO multicore safety
    enable = 0;
    _collect();
}
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(rt_page_leak_trace_stop, stop page leak tracer);

static void _trace_alloc(rt_page_t page, void *caller, size_t size_bits)
{
    if (enable)
    {
        page->caller = caller;
        page->trace_size = size_bits;
        page->tl_prev = NULL;
        page->tl_next = NULL;

        if (_trace_head == NULL)
        {
            _trace_head = page;
        }
        else
        {
            _trace_head->tl_prev = page;
            page->tl_next = _trace_head;
            _trace_head = page;
        }
    }
}

void _report(rt_page_t page, size_bits, char *msg)
{
    void *pg_va = rt_page_page2addr(page);
    LOG_W("%s: %p, allocator: %p, size bits: %lx", msg, pg_va, page->caller, page->trace_size);
    rt_kputs("backtrace\n");
    rt_hw_backtrace(0, 0);
}

static void _trace_free(rt_page_t page, void *caller, size_t size_bits)
{
    if (enable)
    {
        /* free after free */
        if (page->trace_size == 0xabadcafe)
        {
            _report("free after free")
            return ;
        }
        else if (page->trace_size != size_bits)
        {
            rt_kprintf("free with size bits %lx\n", size_bits);
            _report("incompatible size bits parameter");
            return ;
        }

        if (page->ref_cnt == 1)
        {
            if (page->tl_prev)
                page->tl_prev->tl_next = page->tl_next;
            if (page->tl_next)
                page->tl_next->tl_prev = page->tl_prev;

            if (page == _trace_head)
                _trace_head = page->next;

            page->tl_prev = NULL;
            page->tl_next = NULL;
            page->trace_size = 0xabadcafe;
        }
    }
}
#else
#define TRACE_ALLOC(x, y)
#define TRACE_FREE(x, y)
#endif

static inline void *page_to_addr(rt_page_t page)
{
    return (void *)(((page - page_start) << ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT) - PV_OFFSET);
}

static inline rt_page_t addr_to_page(rt_page_t pg_start, void *addr)
{
    addr = (char *)addr + PV_OFFSET;
    return &pg_start[((rt_ubase_t)addr >> ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT)];
}

#define FLOOR(val, align) (((rt_size_t)(val) + (align)-1) & ~((align)-1))

const rt_size_t shadow_mask =
    ((1ul << (RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER + ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT - 1)) - 1);

const rt_size_t rt_mpr_size = FLOOR(
    ((1ul << (ARCH_VADDR_WIDTH - ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT))) * sizeof(struct rt_page),
    ARCH_PAGE_SIZE);

void *rt_mpr_start;

rt_weak int rt_hw_clz(unsigned long n)
{
    return __builtin_clzl(n);
}

rt_weak int rt_hw_ctz(unsigned long n)
{
    return __builtin_ctzl(n);
}

rt_size_t rt_page_bits(rt_size_t size)
{
    int bit = sizeof(rt_size_t) * 8 - rt_hw_clz(size) - 1;

    if ((size ^ (1UL << bit)) != 0)
    {
        bit++;
    }
    bit -= ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT;
    if (bit < 0)
    {
        bit = 0;
    }
    return bit;
}

struct rt_page *rt_page_addr2page(void *addr)
{
    return addr_to_page(page_start, addr);
}

void *rt_page_page2addr(struct rt_page *p)
{
    return page_to_addr(p);
}

static inline struct rt_page *_buddy_get(struct rt_page *p,
                                        rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    rt_size_t addr;

    addr = (rt_size_t)rt_page_page2addr(p);
    addr ^= (1UL << (size_bits + ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT));
    return rt_page_addr2page((void *)addr);
}

static void _page_remove(rt_page_t page_list[], struct rt_page *p, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    if (p->pre)
    {
        p->pre->next = p->next;
    }
    else
    {
        page_list[size_bits] = p->next;
    }

    if (p->next)
    {
        p->next->pre = p->pre;
    }

    p->size_bits = ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS;
}

static void _page_insert(rt_page_t page_list[], struct rt_page *p, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    p->next = page_list[size_bits];
    if (p->next)
    {
        p->next->pre = p;
    }
    p->pre = 0;
    page_list[size_bits] = p;
    p->size_bits = size_bits;
}

static void _pages_ref_inc(struct rt_page *p, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    struct rt_page *page_head;
    int idx;

    /* find page group head */
    idx = p - page_start;
    idx = idx & ~((1UL << size_bits) - 1);

    page_head = page_start + idx;
    page_head = (void *)((char *)page_head + early_offset);
    page_head->ref_cnt++;
}

static int _pages_ref_get(struct rt_page *p, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    struct rt_page *page_head;
    int idx;

    /* find page group head */
    idx = p - page_start;
    idx = idx & ~((1UL << size_bits) - 1);

    page_head = page_start + idx;
    return page_head->ref_cnt;
}

static int _pages_free(rt_page_t page_list[], struct rt_page *p, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    rt_uint32_t level = size_bits;
    struct rt_page *buddy;

    RT_ASSERT(p >= page_start);
    RT_ASSERT((char *)p < (char *)rt_mpr_start + rt_mpr_size);
    RT_ASSERT(rt_kmem_v2p(p));
    RT_ASSERT(p->ref_cnt > 0);
    RT_ASSERT(p->size_bits == ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS);
    RT_ASSERT(size_bits < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER);

    p->ref_cnt--;
    if (p->ref_cnt != 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    while (level < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER - 1)
    {
        buddy = _buddy_get(p, level);
        if (buddy && buddy->size_bits == level)
        {
            _page_remove(page_list, buddy, level);
            p = (p < buddy) ? p : buddy;
            level++;
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    _page_insert(page_list, p, level);
    return 1;
}

static struct rt_page *_pages_alloc(rt_page_t page_list[], rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    struct rt_page *p;

    if (page_list[size_bits])
    {
        p = page_list[size_bits];
        _page_remove(page_list, p, size_bits);
    }
    else
    {
        rt_uint32_t level;

        for (level = size_bits + 1; level < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER; level++)
        {
            if (page_list[level])
            {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (level == RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER)
        {
            return 0;
        }

        p = page_list[level];
        _page_remove(page_list, p, level);
        while (level > size_bits)
        {
            _page_insert(page_list, p, level - 1);
            p = _buddy_get(p, level - 1);
            level--;
        }
    }
    p->size_bits = ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS;
    p->ref_cnt = 1;
    return p;
}

static void _early_page_remove(rt_page_t page_list[], rt_page_t page, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    rt_page_t page_cont = (rt_page_t)((char *)page + early_offset);
    if (page_cont->pre)
    {
        rt_page_t pre_cont = (rt_page_t)((char *)page_cont->pre + early_offset);
        pre_cont->next = page_cont->next;
    }
    else
    {
        page_list[size_bits] = page_cont->next;
    }

    if (page_cont->next)
    {
        rt_page_t next_cont = (rt_page_t)((char *)page_cont->next + early_offset);
        next_cont->pre = page_cont->pre;
    }

    page_cont->size_bits = ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS;
}

static void _early_page_insert(rt_page_t page_list[], rt_page_t page, int size_bits)
{
    RT_ASSERT((void *)page >= rt_mpr_start &&
              ((char *)page - (char *)rt_mpr_start) < rt_mpr_size);
    rt_page_t page_cont = (rt_page_t)((char *)page + early_offset);

    page_cont->next = page_list[size_bits];
    if (page_cont->next)
    {
        rt_page_t next_cont = (rt_page_t)((char *)page_cont->next + early_offset);
        next_cont->pre = page;
    }
    page_cont->pre = 0;
    page_list[size_bits] = page;
    page_cont->size_bits = size_bits;
}

static struct rt_page *_early_pages_alloc(rt_page_t page_list[], rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    struct rt_page *p;

    if (page_list[size_bits])
    {
        p = page_list[size_bits];
        _early_page_remove(page_list, p, size_bits);
    }
    else
    {
        rt_uint32_t level;

        for (level = size_bits + 1; level < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER; level++)
        {
            if (page_list[level])
            {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (level == RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER)
        {
            return 0;
        }

        p = page_list[level];
        _early_page_remove(page_list, p, level);
        while (level > size_bits)
        {
            _early_page_insert(page_list, p, level - 1);
            p = _buddy_get(p, level - 1);
            level--;
        }
    }
    rt_page_t page_cont = (rt_page_t)((char *)p + early_offset);
    page_cont->size_bits = ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS;
    page_cont->ref_cnt = 1;
    return p;
}

static rt_page_t *_get_page_list(void *vaddr)
{
    rt_ubase_t pa_int = (rt_ubase_t)vaddr + PV_OFFSET;
    rt_page_t *list;
    if (pa_int > UINT32_MAX)
    {
        list = page_list_high;
    }
    else
    {
        list = page_list_low;
    }
    return list;
}

int rt_page_ref_get(void *addr, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    struct rt_page *p;
    rt_base_t level;
    int ref;

    p = rt_page_addr2page(addr);
    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
    ref = _pages_ref_get(p, size_bits);
    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
    return ref;
}

void rt_page_ref_inc(void *addr, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    struct rt_page *p;
    rt_base_t level;

    p = rt_page_addr2page(addr);
    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
    _pages_ref_inc(p, size_bits);
    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
}

static rt_page_t (*pages_alloc_handler)(rt_page_t page_list[], rt_uint32_t size_bits);

/* if not, we skip the finding on page_list_high */
static size_t _high_page_configured = 0;

static rt_page_t *_flag_to_page_list(size_t flags)
{
    rt_page_t *page_list;
    if (_high_page_configured && (flags & PAGE_ANY_AVAILABLE))
    {
        page_list = page_list_high;
    }
    else
    {
        page_list = page_list_low;
    }
    return page_list;
}

static void *_do_pages_alloc(rt_uint32_t size_bits, size_t flags)
{
    void *alloc_buf = RT_NULL;
    struct rt_page *p;
    rt_base_t level;
    rt_page_t *page_list = _flag_to_page_list(flags);

    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
    p = pages_alloc_handler(page_list, size_bits);
    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);

    if (!p && page_list != page_list_low)
    {
        /* fall back */
        page_list = page_list_low;

        level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
        p = pages_alloc_handler(page_list, size_bits);
        rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
    }

    if (p)
    {
        alloc_buf = page_to_addr(p);

        #ifdef RT_DEBUG_PAGE_LEAK
            level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
            TRACE_ALLOC(p, size_bits);
            rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
        #endif
    }
    return alloc_buf;
}

void *rt_pages_alloc(rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    return _do_pages_alloc(size_bits, 0);
}

void *rt_pages_alloc_ext(rt_uint32_t size_bits, size_t flags)
{
    return _do_pages_alloc(size_bits, flags);
}

int rt_pages_free(void *addr, rt_uint32_t size_bits)
{
    struct rt_page *p;
    rt_page_t *page_list = _get_page_list(addr);
    int real_free = 0;

    p = rt_page_addr2page(addr);
    if (p)
    {
        rt_base_t level;
        level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
        real_free = _pages_free(page_list, p, size_bits);
        if (real_free)
            TRACE_FREE(p, size_bits);
        rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
    }

    return real_free;
}

void rt_page_list(void) __attribute__((alias("list_page")));

#define PGNR2SIZE(nr) ((nr) * ARCH_PAGE_SIZE / 1024)

void list_page(void)
{
    int i;
    rt_size_t free = 0;
    rt_size_t installed = page_nr + _high_pages_nr;

    rt_base_t level;
    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();

    for (i = 0; i < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER; i++)
    {
        struct rt_page *lp = page_list_low[i];
        struct rt_page *hp = page_list_high[i];

        rt_kprintf("level %d ", i);

        while (lp)
        {
            free += (1UL << i);
            rt_kprintf("[0x%08p]", rt_page_page2addr(lp));
            lp = lp->next;
        }
        while (hp)
        {
            free += (1UL << i);
            rt_kprintf("[0x%08p]", rt_page_page2addr(hp));
            hp = hp->next;
        }
        rt_kprintf("\n");
    }

    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
    rt_kprintf("-------------------------------\n");
    rt_kprintf("Page Summary:\n => free/installed: 0x%lx/0x%lx (%ld/%ld KB)\n", free, installed, PGNR2SIZE(free), PGNR2SIZE(installed));
    rt_kprintf("-------------------------------\n");
}
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(list_page, show page info);

void rt_page_get_info(rt_size_t *total_nr, rt_size_t *free_nr)
{
    int i;
    rt_size_t total_free = 0;
    rt_base_t level;

    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
    for (i = 0; i < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER; i++)
    {
        struct rt_page *p = page_list_low[i];

        while (p)
        {
            total_free += (1UL << i);
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER; i++)
    {
        struct rt_page *p = page_list_high[i];

        while (p)
        {
            total_free += (1UL << i);
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
    *total_nr = page_nr;
    *free_nr = total_free;
}

void rt_page_high_get_info(rt_size_t *total_nr, rt_size_t *free_nr)
{
    int i;
    rt_size_t total_free = 0;
    rt_base_t level;

    level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
    for (i = 0; i < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER; i++)
    {
        struct rt_page *p = page_list_high[i];

        while (p)
        {
            total_free += (1UL << i);
            p = p->next;
        }
    }
    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
    *total_nr = _high_pages_nr;
    *free_nr = total_free;
}

static void _install_page(rt_page_t mpr_head, rt_region_t region, void *insert_handler)
{
    void (*insert)(rt_page_t *page_list, rt_page_t page, int size_bits) = insert_handler;
    rt_region_t shadow;
    shadow.start = region.start & ~shadow_mask;
    shadow.end = FLOOR(region.end, shadow_mask + 1);

    if (shadow.end + PV_OFFSET > UINT32_MAX)
        _high_page_configured = 1;

    rt_page_t shad_head = addr_to_page(mpr_head, (void *)shadow.start);
    rt_page_t shad_tail = addr_to_page(mpr_head, (void *)shadow.end);
    rt_page_t head = addr_to_page(mpr_head, (void *)region.start);
    rt_page_t tail = addr_to_page(mpr_head, (void *)region.end);

    /* mark shadow pages as illegal */
    for (rt_page_t iter = shad_head; iter < head; iter++)
    {
        iter->size_bits = ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS;
    }
    for (rt_page_t iter = tail; iter < shad_tail; iter++)
    {
        iter->size_bits = ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS;
    }

    /* insert reserved pages to list */
    const int max_order = RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER + ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT - 1;
    while (region.start != region.end)
    {
        struct rt_page *p;
        int align_bits;
        int size_bits;

        size_bits =
            ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS - 1 - rt_hw_clz(region.end - region.start);
        align_bits = rt_hw_ctz(region.start);
        if (align_bits < size_bits)
        {
            size_bits = align_bits;
        }
        if (size_bits > max_order)
        {
            size_bits = max_order;
        }

        p = addr_to_page(mpr_head, (void *)region.start);
        p->size_bits = ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS;
        p->ref_cnt = 0;

        /* insert to list */
        rt_page_t *page_list = _get_page_list((void *)region.start);
        if (page_list == page_list_high)
        {
            _high_pages_nr += 1 << (size_bits - ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT);
        }
        insert(page_list, (rt_page_t)((char *)p - early_offset), size_bits - ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT);
        region.start += (1UL << size_bits);
    }
}

void rt_page_init(rt_region_t reg)
{
    int i;
    rt_region_t shadow;

    /* inclusive start, exclusive end */
    reg.start += ARCH_PAGE_MASK;
    reg.start &= ~ARCH_PAGE_MASK;
    reg.end &= ~ARCH_PAGE_MASK;
    if (reg.end <= reg.start)
    {
        LOG_E("region end(%p) must greater than start(%p)", reg.start, reg.end);
        RT_ASSERT(0);
    }
    page_nr = ((reg.end - reg.start) >> ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT);
    shadow.start = reg.start & ~shadow_mask;
    shadow.end = FLOOR(reg.end, shadow_mask + 1);
    LOG_D("[Init page] start: 0x%lx, end: 0x%lx, total: 0x%lx", reg.start,
          reg.end, page_nr);

    int err;

    /* init free list */
    for (i = 0; i < RT_PAGE_MAX_ORDER; i++)
    {
        page_list_low[i] = 0;
        page_list_high[i] = 0;
    }

    /* map MPR area */
    err = rt_aspace_map_static(&rt_kernel_space, &mpr_varea, &rt_mpr_start,
                               rt_mpr_size, MMU_MAP_K_RWCB, MMF_MAP_FIXED,
                               &mm_page_mapper, 0);

    if (err != RT_EOK)
    {
        LOG_E("MPR map failed with size %lx at %p", rt_mpr_size, rt_mpr_start);
        RT_ASSERT(0);
    }

    /* calculate footprint */
    init_mpr_align_start =
        (rt_size_t)addr_to_page(page_start, (void *)shadow.start) &
        ~ARCH_PAGE_MASK;
    init_mpr_align_end =
        FLOOR(addr_to_page(page_start, (void *)shadow.end), ARCH_PAGE_SIZE);
    rt_size_t init_mpr_size = init_mpr_align_end - init_mpr_align_start;
    rt_size_t init_mpr_npage = init_mpr_size >> ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT;

    init_mpr_cont_start = (void *)reg.start;
    rt_size_t init_mpr_cont_end = (rt_size_t)init_mpr_cont_start + init_mpr_size;
    early_offset = (rt_size_t)init_mpr_cont_start - init_mpr_align_start;
    rt_page_t mpr_cont = (void *)((char *)rt_mpr_start + early_offset);

    /* mark init mpr pages as illegal */
    rt_page_t head_cont = addr_to_page(mpr_cont, (void *)reg.start);
    rt_page_t tail_cont = addr_to_page(mpr_cont, (void *)reg.end);
    for (rt_page_t iter = head_cont; iter < tail_cont; iter++)
    {
        iter->size_bits = ARCH_ADDRESS_WIDTH_BITS;
    }

    reg.start = init_mpr_cont_end;
    _install_page(mpr_cont, reg, _early_page_insert);

    pages_alloc_handler = _early_pages_alloc;
    /* doing the page table bushiness */
    if (rt_aspace_load_page(&rt_kernel_space, (void *)init_mpr_align_start, init_mpr_npage))
    {
        LOG_E("%s: failed to load pages", __func__);
        RT_ASSERT(0);
    }

    if (rt_hw_mmu_tbl_get() == rt_kernel_space.page_table)
        rt_page_cleanup();
}

static int _load_mpr_area(void *head, void *tail)
{
    int err = 0;
    char *iter = (char *)((rt_ubase_t)head & ~ARCH_PAGE_MASK);
    tail = (void *)FLOOR(tail, ARCH_PAGE_SIZE);

    while (iter != tail)
    {
        void *paddr = rt_kmem_v2p(iter);
        if (paddr == ARCH_MAP_FAILED)
        {
            err = rt_aspace_load_page(&rt_kernel_space, iter, 1);
            if (err != RT_EOK)
            {
                LOG_E("%s: failed to load page", __func__);
                break;
            }
        }
        iter += ARCH_PAGE_SIZE;
    }
    return err;
}

int rt_page_install(rt_region_t region)
{
    int err = -RT_EINVAL;
    if (region.end != region.start && !(region.start & ARCH_PAGE_MASK) &&
        !(region.end & ARCH_PAGE_MASK) &&
        !((region.end - region.start) & shadow_mask))
    {
        void *head = addr_to_page(page_start, (void *)region.start);
        void *tail = addr_to_page(page_start, (void *)region.end);

        page_nr += ((region.end - region.start) >> ARCH_PAGE_SHIFT);

        err = _load_mpr_area(head, tail);

        if (err == RT_EOK)
        {
            _install_page(rt_mpr_start, region, _page_insert);
        }
    }
    return err;
}

void rt_page_cleanup(void)
{
    early_offset = 0;
    pages_alloc_handler = _pages_alloc;
}