245 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
245 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
# QEMU/VExpress A9板级支持包说明
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## 1. 简介
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Versatile Express系统由ARM Ltd提供,作为CortexA9四核处理器的开发环境,硬件由uATX主板和CoreTile Express A9x4子板组成。有关该系统的详细信息,可以访问 [ARM官方页面][1] 。
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Versatile Express的核心是一套FPGA的开发环境,Cortex-A芯片基于FPGA上的硬件逻辑,所以本身是不存在这么一款真实芯片。
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QEMU/VExpress A9是QEMU模拟器针对ARM VExpress-A9 FPGA开发板进行软件模拟的指令级虚拟机。QEMU/VExpress因为是软件仿真模式,可以配置成多种模式,例如单核Cortex-A9,多核Cortex-A9,以及多核Cortex-A15等。同时也能够模拟出VExpress FPGA开发板上大多数的外设。
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这份RT-Thread BSP是针对QEMU/VExpress-A9的一份移植,也并未在真实的VExpress FPGA开发板上运行过,主要是提供给开发者一定的便利,能够使用、验证一定的功能。对于真实FPGA开发板的执行情况,不做任何假设。
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当前QEMU/VExpress-A9对应的硬件特性:
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| 硬件 | 描述 |
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| -- | -- |
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| CPU | ARM Cortex-A9(单核) |
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| 主频 | NA |
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| Memory | 128MB(0x60000000 - 0x68000000) |
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## 2. 编译说明
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推荐使用[env工具][2],可以在console下进入到`bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9`目录中,运行以下命令:
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scons
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来编译这个板级支持包。如果编译正确无误,会产生rtthread.elf、rtthread.bin文件。在QEMU中一般使用elf方式来运行,所以只需要使用rtthread.elf文件即可。
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**注:** RT-Thread/ENV中携带的工具版本是:
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gcc version 5.4.1 20160919 (release) [ARM/embedded-5-branch revision 240496]
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如果在Linux下使用,请自行下载[GNU GCC工具链][3]。
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## 3. 执行和退出
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### 3.1 执行脚本文件说明
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在这个bsp目录下已经提供了下面几个执行脚本文件,具体的说明如下表所示:
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| 执行脚本文件 | 运行平台 | 备注 |
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| ------ | ---- | :------: |
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| qemu.bat | Windows | 普通模式启动运行 |
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| qemu.sh | Linux | 同上 |
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| qemu-dbg.bat | Windows | 调试模式启动运行 |
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| qemu-dbg.sh | Linux | 同上 |
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| qemu-nographic.bat | Windows | 以不带界面的模式启动运行 |
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| qemu-nographic.sh | Linux | 同上 |
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### 3.2 Windows下执行RT-Thread
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#### 3.2.1 启动QEMU运行
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当要执行编译好的RT-Thread时,可以在bsp目录下运行env,在env中敲入qemu.bat即可直接运行。
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这个执行脚本默认把串口输出到stdio(即控制台)上,所以直接执行脚本后就可以输出结果了。
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```text
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\ | /
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- RT - Thread Operating System
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/ | \ 3.0.4 build May 4 2018
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2006 - 2018 Copyright by rt-thread team
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SD card capacity 65536 KB
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probe mmcsd block device!
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hello rt-thread
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msh />
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```
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当然你也可以尝试使用其他两个**.bat**文件启动运行。
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#### 3.2.2 退出QEMU运行
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在msh提示输入的状态下,按下 **CTRL+C** ,有以下提示之后,按下 **y** ,即可退出 QEMU 。
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```shell
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hello rt-thread
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msh />
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msh />
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msh />Terminate batch job (Y/N)? y
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```
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### 3.3 Linux下执行RT-Thread
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#### 3.3.1 安装QEMU工具包
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在Linux下调试启动与Windows下稍微有点点区别,由于Windows下安装了**env**工具就自带了**qemu-system-arm**,而Linux下默认是没有这个工具的,所以执行执行`./qemu.sh`会报错:
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```shell
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bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
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./qemu-nographic.sh: line 5: /usr/bin/qemu-system-arm: No such file or directory
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```
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这个时候需要在Linux平台安装**qemu-system-arm**工具包,以**Linux Ubuntu**平台为例,使用以下命令即可安装对应的工具包:
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```shell
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bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ sudo apt-get install qemu-system-arm
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
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tinyproxy-bin
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Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
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Suggested packages:
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vde2
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The following NEW packages will be installed:
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qemu-system-arm
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0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 168 not upgraded.
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Need to get 0 B/7,722 kB of archives.
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After this operation, 36.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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Selecting previously unselected package qemu-system-arm.
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(Reading database ... 159586 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../qemu-system-arm_1%3a4.2-3ubuntu6.17_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking qemu-system-arm (1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17) ...
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Setting up qemu-system-arm (1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17) ...
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Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
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```
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提示安装成功后,输入查看**qemu-system-arm**版本信息的命令,如果可以看到对应的版本信息,证明它可以正常使用。
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```shell
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/bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ qemu-system-arm --version
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QEMU emulator version 4.2.1 (Debian 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17)
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Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
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```
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#### 3.3.2 启动QEMU运行
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由于Linux平台一般都是不带界面的服务器,所以推荐使用`qemu-nographic.sh`脚本来启动运行,参考运行示例如下:
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```shell
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bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
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WARNING: Image format was not specified for 'sd.bin' and probing guessed raw.
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Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted.
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Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
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alsa: Could not initialize DAC
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alsa: Failed to open `default':
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alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
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ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
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ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
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alsa: Could not initialize DAC
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alsa: Failed to open `default':
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alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
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audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
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\ | /
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- RT - Thread Operating System
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/ | \ 4.1.0 build Nov 24 2021 19:49:17
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2006 - 2021 Copyright by rt-thread team
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lwIP-2.1.2 initialized!
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[I/sal.skt] Socket Abstraction Layer initialize success.
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[I/SDIO] SD card capacity 65536 KB.
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[I/SDIO] switching card to high speed failed!
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[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
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[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
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[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
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hello rt-thread
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msh />
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msh />
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msh />
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```
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**注意**: 前面的错误信息可以忽略,能看到RT-Thread的启动logo输出,以及msh能正常输入输出,即可进行代码调试了。
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#### 3.3.3 退出QEMU运行
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Linux下退出QEMU的方式与Windows下有些不一样;在msh提示输入的状态下,按下 **CTRL+A** ,再按下 **X** ,即可退出 QEMU 。
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```shell
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hello rt-thread
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msh />
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msh />
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msh />QEMU: Terminated
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```
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## 4. 支持情况
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| 驱动 | 支持情况 | 备注 |
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| ------ | ---- | :------: |
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| UART | 支持 | UART0/1 |
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| SD/MMC | 支持 | |
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| CLCD | 支持 | |
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| Key | 支持 | |
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| Mouse | 支持 | |
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| EMAC | 支持 | |
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### 4.1 使用VSCode编辑、编译、调试
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在qemu-vexpress-a9中已经携带了部分vscode的配置,需要配合着env一起来使用。步骤包括:
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先使用env打开console,然后在console中切换都qemu-vexpress-a9 bsp的目录下,
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```bash
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scons --target=vsc -s
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```
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更新vscode需要用到的C/C++头文件搜索路径信息(不是每次都需要更新,只有在使用了menuconfig重新配置了RT-Thread或更改了rtconfig.h头文件时才需要)
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然后在console下输入
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```bash
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code .
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```
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启动vscode。使用vscode,目前包含如下的一些功能:
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* 编译 `Ctrl+Shift+B` - 开启vscode内置终端,调用scons进行编译;如果有编译错误也会侦测问题,双击问题跳到指定代码文件、代码行;
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* 包含执行`qemu`模拟器,`scons -c`进行目标文件清理的任务
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* `F5` 一键开启QEMU调试模式,并断点停留在`main`函数上;(需要更改下qemu-dbg.bat文件,在qemu-system-arm前加入`start`),即
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```batch
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@echo off
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if exist sd.bin goto run
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qemu-img create -f raw sd.bin 64M
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:run
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start qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel rtthread.elf -serial stdio -sd sd.bin -S -s
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```
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**已知问题** 如果在vscode的目录中额外添加了文件夹,会导致调试不能够启动。
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## 5. 联系人信息
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维护人:[bernard][4] [recan-li][5]
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[1]: http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.subset.boards.express/index.html
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[2]: https://www.rt-thread.org/page/download.html
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[3]: https://launchpad.net/gcc-arm-embedded/5.0/5-2016-q3-update/+download/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q3-20160926-linux.tar.bz2
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[4]: https://github.com/BernardXiong
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[5]: https://github.com/recan-li
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