322 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
322 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
**QEMU/RISCV64 VIRT 板级支持包使用说明**
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中文页 | [English](./README.md)
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<!-- TOC -->
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- [1. 简介](#1-简介)
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- [2. 构建](#2-构建)
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- [2.1. 安装工具链](#21-安装工具链)
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- [2.2. 设置 RT-Thread 工具链环境变量](#22-设置-rt-thread-工具链环境变量)
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- [2.3. 下载内核](#23-下载内核)
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- [2.4. 配置内核](#24-配置内核)
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- [2.5. 编译内核](#25-编译内核)
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- [3. 运行](#3-运行)
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- [3.1. 安装 QEMU](#31-安装-qemu)
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- [3.2. 运行 QEMU](#32-运行-qemu)
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- [4. 如何使用 rv64ilp32 工具链](#4-如何使用-rv64ilp32-工具链)
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- [5. 联系人信息](#5-联系人信息)
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<!-- /TOC -->
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# 1. 简介
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RISC-V 是一种开放和免费的指令集体系结构 (ISA)。本工程是在 QEMU 的 RISCV64 VIRT 版本上进行的一份移植。
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本工程支持玄铁团队联合中科院软件所共同推出的全球首款 rv64ilp32 产品级开源工具链。
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# 2. 构建
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工作系统：以 Ubuntu 22.04 为例：
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```shell
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$ lsb_release -a
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No LSB modules are available.
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Distributor ID: Ubuntu
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Description: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
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Release: 22.04
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Codename: jammy
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```
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## 2.1. 安装工具链
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具体使用的工具链，和 RT-Thread 官方保持一致，具体的工具链版本可以参考 RT-Thread 仓库的 <https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread/blob/master/.github/workflows/action_utest.yml> 这个文件。
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```yaml
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- name: Install RISC-V ToolChains
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if: ${{ matrix.legs.QEMU_ARCH == 'riscv64' && matrix.legs.UTEST != 'rtsmart/riscv64' && success() }}
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run: |
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wget -q https://github.com/RT-Thread/toolchains-ci/releases/download/v1.4/riscv64-unknown-elf-toolchain-10.2.0-2020.12.8-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14.tar.gz
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sudo tar zxvf riscv64-unknown-elf-toolchain-10.2.0-2020.12.8-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14.tar.gz -C /opt
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/opt/riscv64-unknown-elf-toolchain-10.2.0-2020.12.8-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc --version
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echo "RTT_EXEC_PATH=/opt/riscv64-unknown-elf-toolchain-10.2.0-2020.12.8-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14/bin" >> $GITHUB_ENV
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- name: Install RISC-V Musl ToolChains
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if: ${{ matrix.legs.QEMU_ARCH == 'riscv64' && matrix.legs.UTEST == 'rtsmart/riscv64' && success() }}
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shell: bash
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run: |
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wget -q https://github.com/RT-Thread/toolchains-ci/releases/download/v1.7/riscv64-linux-musleabi_for_x86_64-pc-linux-gnu_latest.tar.bz2
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sudo tar xjf riscv64-linux-musleabi_for_x86_64-pc-linux-gnu_latest.tar.bz2 -C /opt
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/opt/riscv64-linux-musleabi_for_x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-musl-gcc --version
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echo "RTT_EXEC_PATH=/opt/riscv64-linux-musleabi_for_x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/bin" >> $GITHUB_ENV
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echo "RTT_CC_PREFIX=riscv64-unknown-linux-musl-" >> $GITHUB_ENV
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```
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其中 `riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc` 用于构建 RT-Thread 标准版，`riscv64-unknown-linux-musl-gcc` 用于构建 RT-Thread Smart 版。根据上面所示链接分别下载到本地后解压缩。
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## 2.2. 设置 RT-Thread 工具链环境变量
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和 RT-Thread 工具链相关的环境变量有三个
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- `RTT_CC` 为工具链名称, 这里统一为 `"gcc"`
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- `RTT_CC_PREFIX`: 为工具链前缀, 这里对于标准版是 `"riscv64-unknown-elf-"`，对于 Smart 版是 `"riscv64-unknown-linux-musl-"`。
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- `RTT_EXEC_PATH`: 工具链的 bin 文件夹所在路径, 如 `"$HOME/tools/riscv64-unknown-elf-toolchain-10.2.0-2020.12.8-x86_64-linux-ubuntu14/bin"`, 这个根据个人下载解压后的实际路径进行设置，注意 RT-Thread 标准版和 Smart 版本的工具链是两套不同的版本，而且设置 `RTT_EXEC_PATH` 的路径名时要一直到 `bin`。
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如果一直使用的话，建议将这三个环境变量在 `.bashrc` 文件中 export。
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## 2.3. 下载内核
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假设工作路径是 `$WORKSPACE`。
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```shell
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$ cd $WORKSPACE
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$ git clone git@github.com:RT-Thread/rt-thread.git
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```
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**注：本文档基于的内核版本 git commit ID 为: ebe2926cd6。**
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进入 qemu-virt64-riscv 所在 BSP 目录，后面的操作不做另外介绍，默认就在这个目录下。
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```shell
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$ cd $WORKSPACE/rt-thread/bsp/qemu-virt64-riscv
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```
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## 2.4. 配置内核
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第一次编译前先刷新一下配置文件。
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```shell
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$ scons --menuconfig
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```
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默认配置就是 RT-Thread 标准版，所以如果没有什么特别需求，什么都不要改动，直接保存退出即可。
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如果要使用 RT-Thread Smart 版，进入配置菜单后至少要打开 `RT_USING_SMART` 这个选项(见下图)，其他的看自己的需求。
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```
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(Top) → RT-Thread Kernel
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RT-Thread Project Configuration
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(24) The maximal size of kernel object name
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[ ] Use the data types defined in ARCH_CPU
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[*] Enable RT-Thread Smart (microkernel on kernel/userland)
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[ ] Enable RT-Thread Nano
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...
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```
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修改后保存退出。
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## 2.5. 编译内核
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如果以前编译后，可以清理一下：
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```shell
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$ scons --clean
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```
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或者直接编译：
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```shell
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$ scons -j$(nproc)
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```
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在 `$WORKSPACE/rt-thread/bsp/qemu-virt64-riscv` 路径下会生成内核的二进制文件 `rtthread.bin`。
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# 3. 运行
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## 3.1. 安装 QEMU
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```shell
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$ sudo apt update
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$ sudo apt install qemu-system-misc
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```
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安装完毕后可以看一下版本。
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```shell
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$ qemu-system-riscv64 --version
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QEMU emulator version 6.2.0 (Debian 1:6.2+dfsg-2ubuntu6.24)
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Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
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```
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## 3.2. 运行 QEMU
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仓库里已经提供了现成的执行脚本，可以直接执行：
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```shell
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$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
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```
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RT-Thread 标准版运行结果如下：
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```shell
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$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
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OpenSBI v0.9
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____ _____ ____ _____
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/ __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
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| | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
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| | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
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| |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
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\____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
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Platform Name : riscv-virtio,qemu
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Platform Features : timer,mfdeleg
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Platform HART Count : 1
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Firmware Base : 0x80000000
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Firmware Size : 100 KB
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Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
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Domain0 Name : root
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Domain0 Boot HART : 0
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Domain0 HARTs : 0*
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Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008001ffff ()
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Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff (R,W,X)
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Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000
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Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x000000008f000000
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Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode
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Domain0 SysReset : yes
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Boot HART ID : 0
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Boot HART Domain : root
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Boot HART ISA : rv64imafdcsu
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Boot HART Features : scounteren,mcounteren,time
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Boot HART PMP Count : 16
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Boot HART PMP Granularity : 4
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Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 54
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Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
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Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
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Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222
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Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109
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heap: [0x8028d8a8 - 0x8428d8a8]
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\ | /
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- RT - Thread Operating System
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/ | \ 5.2.0 build Nov 14 2024 15:41:57
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2006 - 2024 Copyright by RT-Thread team
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lwIP-2.0.3 initialized!
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[I/sal.skt] Socket Abstraction Layer initialize success.
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[I/utest] utest is initialize success.
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[I/utest] total utest testcase num: (0)
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file system initialization done!
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Hello RISC-V
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msh />
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```
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RT-Thread Smart 版本运行结果如下：
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```shell
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$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
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OpenSBI v0.9
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____ _____ ____ _____
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/ __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
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| | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
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| | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
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| |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
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\____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
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Platform Name : riscv-virtio,qemu
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Platform Features : timer,mfdeleg
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Platform HART Count : 1
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Firmware Base : 0x80000000
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Firmware Size : 100 KB
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Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
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Domain0 Name : root
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Domain0 Boot HART : 0
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Domain0 HARTs : 0*
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Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008001ffff ()
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Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff (R,W,X)
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Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000
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Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x000000008f000000
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Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode
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Domain0 SysReset : yes
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Boot HART ID : 0
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Boot HART Domain : root
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Boot HART ISA : rv64imafdcsu
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Boot HART Features : scounteren,mcounteren,time
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Boot HART PMP Count : 16
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Boot HART PMP Granularity : 4
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Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 54
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Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
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Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
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Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222
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Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109
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heap: [0x002ef030 - 0x042ef030]
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\ | /
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- RT - Thread Smart Operating System
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/ | \ 5.2.0 build Nov 14 2024 15:48:43
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2006 - 2024 Copyright by RT-Thread team
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lwIP-2.0.3 initialized!
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[I/sal.skt] Socket Abstraction Layer initialize success.
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[I/utest] utest is initialize success.
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[I/utest] total utest testcase num: (0)
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[I/drivers.serial] Using /dev/ttyS0 as default console
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file system initialization done!
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Hello RISC-V
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msh />
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```
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# 4. 如何使用 rv64ilp32 工具链
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- 工具链地址：https://github.com/ruyisdk/riscv-gnu-toolchain-rv64ilp32/tags
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- 使用方法：
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- 配置工具链路径
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- 修改ABI参数为：`-mabi=ilp32d`
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- 然后执行常规编译
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- 使用 [脚本](./qemu-rv64ilp32-nographic.sh) 启动 QEMU (INFO: QEMU 二进制同样在工具链目录)
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- 使用传统 64 位工具链与使用新 32 位工具链编译相同工程的固件大小对比：
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传统 64 位工具链固件大小：
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```bash
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Memory region Used Size Region Size %age Used
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SRAM: 225856 B 16 MB 1.35%
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riscv64-unknown-elf-objcopy -O binary rtthread.elf rtthread.bin
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riscv64-unknown-elf-size rtthread.elf
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text data bss dec hex filename
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150907 3664 71268 225839 3722f rtthread.elf
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```
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新 32 位工具链固件大小：
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```bash
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Memory region Used Size Region Size %age Used
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SRAM: 209376 B 16 MB 1.25%
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riscv64-unknown-elf-objcopy -O binary rtthread.elf rtthread.bin
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riscv64-unknown-elf-size rtthread.elf
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text data bss dec hex filename
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138739 1356 69276 209371 331db rtthread.elf
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```
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# 5. 联系人信息
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维护人：[bernard][1]
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[1]: https://github.com/BernardXiong
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