2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
# QEMU VExpress A9板级支持包说明
|
2017-09-19 12:14:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 1 简介
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- Versatile Express系统由ARM Ltd提供,作为CortexA9四核处理器的开发环境,硬件由uATX主板和CoreTile Express A9x4子板组成。有关该系统的详细信息,可以访问 [ARM官方页面][1] 。
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- Versatile Express的核心是一套FPGA的开发环境,Cortex-A芯片基于FPGA上的硬件逻辑,所以本身是不存在这么一款真实芯片。
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- QEMU/VExpress A9是QEMU模拟器针对ARM VExpress-A9 FPGA开发板进行软件模拟的指令级虚拟机。QEMU/VExpress因为是软件仿真模式,可以配置成多种模式,例如单核Cortex-A9,多核Cortex-A9,以及多核Cortex-A15等。同时也能够模拟出VExpress FPGA开发板上大多数的外设。
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- 这份RT-Thread BSP是针对QEMU/VExpress-A9的一份移植,也并未在真实的VExpress FPGA开发板上运行过,主要是提供给开发者一定的便利,能够使用、验证一定的功能。对于真实FPGA开发板的执行情况,不做任何假设。
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
当前QEMU/VExpress-A9对应的硬件特性:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 硬件 | 描述 |
|
|
|
|
|
| -- | -- |
|
|
|
|
|
| CPU | ARM Cortex-A9(单核) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 主频 | NA |
|
|
|
|
|
| Memory | 128MB(0x60000000 - 0x68000000) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 2 编译说明
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- 推荐使用[env工具][2]编译工程,在`bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9`目录中打开env环境,运行命令`scons -j4`
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626114422344](figures/image-20220626114422344.png)
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- 如果编译正确无误,会产生rtthread.elf、rtthread.bin文件。在QEMU中一般使用elf方式来运行,所以只需要使用rtthread.elf文件即可。
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626114611158](figures/image-20220626114611158.png)
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 当前测试使用的RT-Thread Env版本
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626113747893](figures/image-20220626113747893.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 当前测试使用的GCC 交叉编译工具链版本
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626114020634](figures/image-20220626114020634.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 如果在Linux下使用,请自行下载[GNU GCC工具链][3]。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 3 执行和退出
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 3.1 执行脚本文件说明
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在这个bsp目录下已经提供了下面几个执行脚本文件,具体的说明如下表所示:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 执行脚本文件 | 运行平台 | 备注 |
|
|
|
|
|
| ------ | ---- | :------: |
|
|
|
|
|
| qemu.bat | Windows | 普通模式启动运行 |
|
|
|
|
|
| qemu.sh | Linux | 同上 |
|
|
|
|
|
| qemu-dbg.bat | Windows | 调试模式启动运行 |
|
|
|
|
|
| qemu-dbg.sh | Linux | 同上 |
|
|
|
|
|
| qemu-nographic.bat | Windows | 以不带界面的模式启动运行 |
|
|
|
|
|
| qemu-nographic.sh | Linux | 同上 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 3.2 RT-Studio IDE下运行RT-Thread
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
推荐使用该方式进行学习,简单易用
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- 创建QEMU工程,创建RT-Thread项目,选择基于开发板,选择QEMU-VEXPRESS-A9
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626125511399](figures/image-20220626125511399.png)
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- 创建好工程后,点击完成,选中qemu-a9工程,编译工程
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626125644099](figures/image-20220626125644099.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 调试工程,发现程序停在了main函数开头处
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626125717698](figures/image-20220626125717698.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 点击全速运行,发现程序正常运行起来
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626125837849](figures/image-20220626125837849.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 3.3 Windows ENV下运行RT-Thread
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.3.1 启动QEMU运行
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 当要运行编译好的RT-Thread时,可以在bsp目录下运行env,在env中敲入qemu.bat即可直接运行。这个执行脚本默认把串口输出到stdio(即控制台)上,所以直接执行脚本后就可以输出结果了。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 默认情况下,我们发现已经成功挂载SD卡
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> 注意一下,默认情况下,由于SD中没有文件系统存在,因此挂载失败,程序中检测到文件系统挂载失败后,会自动执行mkfs对文件系统进行格式化操作,格式化完后,再次执行mount操作,文件系统挂载成功
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626115233881](figures/image-20220626115233881.png)
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626115854706](figures/image-20220626115854706.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 文件系统操作,测试文件系统是否可以正常读写
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![image-20220626115504981](figures/image-20220626115504981.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 当然你也可以尝试使用其他两个**.bat**文件启动运行。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.3.2 退出QEMU运行
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在msh提示输入的状态下,按下 **CTRL+C** ,有以下提示之后,按下 **y** ,即可退出 QEMU 。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
hello rt-thread
|
|
|
|
|
msh />
|
|
|
|
|
msh />
|
|
|
|
|
msh />Terminate batch job (Y/N)? y
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 3.4 Windows VSCode 中运行RT-Thread
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
参考文档:[使用VS Code开发RT-Thread](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/application-note/setup/qemu/vscode/an0021-qemu-vscode?id=%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-vs-code-%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91-rt-thread)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
### 3.5 Linux下执行RT-Thread
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.5.1 安装QEMU工具包
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在Linux下调试启动与Windows下稍微有点点区别,由于Windows下安装了**env**工具就自带了**qemu-system-arm**,而Linux下默认是没有这个工具的,所以执行执行`./qemu.sh`会报错:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
|
|
|
|
|
./qemu-nographic.sh: line 5: /usr/bin/qemu-system-arm: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
这个时候需要在Linux平台安装**qemu-system-arm**工具包,以**Linux Ubuntu**平台为例,使用以下命令即可安装对应的工具包:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ sudo apt-get install qemu-system-arm
|
|
|
|
|
Reading package lists... Done
|
|
|
|
|
Building dependency tree
|
|
|
|
|
Reading state information... Done
|
|
|
|
|
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
|
|
|
|
|
tinyproxy-bin
|
|
|
|
|
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
|
|
|
|
|
Suggested packages:
|
|
|
|
|
vde2
|
|
|
|
|
The following NEW packages will be installed:
|
|
|
|
|
qemu-system-arm
|
|
|
|
|
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 168 not upgraded.
|
|
|
|
|
Need to get 0 B/7,722 kB of archives.
|
|
|
|
|
After this operation, 36.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
|
|
|
|
|
Selecting previously unselected package qemu-system-arm.
|
|
|
|
|
(Reading database ... 159586 files and directories currently installed.)
|
|
|
|
|
Preparing to unpack .../qemu-system-arm_1%3a4.2-3ubuntu6.17_amd64.deb ...
|
|
|
|
|
Unpacking qemu-system-arm (1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17) ...
|
|
|
|
|
Setting up qemu-system-arm (1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17) ...
|
|
|
|
|
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
提示安装成功后,输入查看**qemu-system-arm**版本信息的命令,如果可以看到对应的版本信息,证明它可以正常使用。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
/bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ qemu-system-arm --version
|
|
|
|
|
QEMU emulator version 4.2.1 (Debian 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.17)
|
|
|
|
|
Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.5.2 启动QEMU运行
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
由于Linux平台一般都是不带界面的服务器,所以推荐使用`qemu-nographic.sh`脚本来启动运行,参考运行示例如下:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9$ ./qemu-nographic.sh
|
|
|
|
|
WARNING: Image format was not specified for 'sd.bin' and probing guessed raw.
|
|
|
|
|
Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted.
|
|
|
|
|
Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
|
|
|
|
|
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
|
|
|
|
|
alsa: Failed to open `default':
|
|
|
|
|
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib confmisc.c:767:(parse_card) cannot find card '0'
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_card_driver returned error: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib confmisc.c:392:(snd_func_concat) error evaluating strings
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_concat returned error: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib confmisc.c:1246:(snd_func_refer) error evaluating name
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib conf.c:4732:(_snd_config_evaluate) function snd_func_refer returned error: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib conf.c:5220:(snd_config_expand) Evaluate error: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
ALSA lib pcm.c:2642:(snd_pcm_open_noupdate) Unknown PCM default
|
|
|
|
|
alsa: Could not initialize DAC
|
|
|
|
|
alsa: Failed to open `default':
|
|
|
|
|
alsa: Reason: No such file or directory
|
|
|
|
|
audio: Failed to create voice `lm4549.out'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\ | /
|
|
|
|
|
- RT - Thread Operating System
|
|
|
|
|
/ | \ 4.1.0 build Nov 24 2021 19:49:17
|
|
|
|
|
2006 - 2021 Copyright by rt-thread team
|
|
|
|
|
lwIP-2.1.2 initialized!
|
|
|
|
|
[I/sal.skt] Socket Abstraction Layer initialize success.
|
|
|
|
|
[I/SDIO] SD card capacity 65536 KB.
|
|
|
|
|
[I/SDIO] switching card to high speed failed!
|
|
|
|
|
[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
|
|
|
|
|
[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
|
|
|
|
|
[W/POSIX.delay] Please consider implementing rt_hw_us_delay() in another file.
|
|
|
|
|
hello rt-thread
|
|
|
|
|
msh />
|
|
|
|
|
msh />
|
|
|
|
|
msh />
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**注意**: 前面的错误信息可以忽略,能看到RT-Thread的启动logo输出,以及msh能正常输入输出,即可进行代码调试了。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
#### 3.5.3 退出QEMU运行
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linux下退出QEMU的方式与Windows下有些不一样;在msh提示输入的状态下,按下 **CTRL+A** ,再按下 **X** ,即可退出 QEMU 。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
hello rt-thread
|
|
|
|
|
msh />
|
|
|
|
|
msh />
|
|
|
|
|
msh />QEMU: Terminated
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-06-27 11:38:55 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 4 支持情况
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 驱动 | 支持情况 | 备注 |
|
|
|
|
|
| ------ | ---- | :------: |
|
|
|
|
|
| UART | 支持 | UART0/1 |
|
|
|
|
|
| SD/MMC | 支持 | |
|
|
|
|
|
| CLCD | 支持 | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Key | 支持 | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mouse | 支持 | |
|
|
|
|
|
| EMAC | 支持 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-08-15 09:15:08 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-07-01 09:56:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 5 联系人信息
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
维护人:[bernard][4] [recan-li][5]
|
2018-05-04 20:48:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-05-12 14:48:49 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[1]: http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.subset.boards.express/index.html
|
2023-04-18 21:18:56 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[2]: https://www.rt-thread.org/download.html#download-rt-thread-env-tool
|
2021-05-12 14:48:49 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[3]: https://launchpad.net/gcc-arm-embedded/5.0/5-2016-q3-update/+download/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_4-2016q3-20160926-linux.tar.bz2
|
2021-12-04 01:03:54 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[4]: https://github.com/BernardXiong
|
|
|
|
|
[5]: https://github.com/recan-li
|