285 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
285 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
@chapter Installation Instructions
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@section Contents
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There is only one recommended way to install Cygwin, which is to use the GUI
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installer ``Cygwin Setup''. It is flexible and easy to use.
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You can pick and choose the packages you wish to install, and update
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them individually. Full source code is available for all packages and
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tools. More information on using Cygwin Setup may be found at
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@file{http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html}.
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If you do it any other way, you're on your own! That said, keep in mind
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that the GUI installer is a "work in progress", so there might be a few
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difficulties, especially if you are behind a firewall or have other
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specific requirements. If something doesn't work right for you, and
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it's not covered here or in the latest development snapshot at
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@file{http://cygwin.com/setup-snapshots/}, then by all means report it to the
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mailing list.
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For a searchable list of packages that can be installed with Cygwin,
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see @file{http://cygwin.com/packages/}.
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@section Installation using ``Cygwin Setup''
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The Cygwin Setup program is the @emph{only} recommended way to install
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Cygwin.
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@subsection Why not install in C:\?
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The Cygwin Setup program will prompt you for a "root" directory.
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The default is @samp{C:\cygwin}, but you can change it. You are urged not to
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choose something like @samp{C:\} (the root directory on the system drive) for
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your Cygwin root. If you do, then critical Cygwin system directories
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like @samp{etc}, @samp{lib} and @samp{bin} could easily be corrupted by
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other (non-Cygwin) applications or packages that use @samp{\etc},
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@samp{\lib} or @samp{\bin}. Perhaps there is no conflict now, but who
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knows what you might install in the future? It's also just good common
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sense to segregate your Cygwin "filesystems" from the rest of your
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Windows system disk.
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(In the past, there had been genuine bugs that would cause problems
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for people who installed in @samp{C:\}, but we believe those are gone
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now.)
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@subsection Can I use Cygwin Setup to get old versions of packages (like gcc-2.95)?
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Cygwin Setup can be used to install any packages that are on a
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Cygwin mirror, which usually includes one version previous to the
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current one. The complete list may be searched at
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@file{http://cygwin.com/packages/}. There is no complete archive of
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older packages. If you have a problem with the current version of
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a Cygwin package, please report it to the mailing list using the
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guidelines at @file{http://cygwin.com/problems.html}.
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That said, if you really need an older package, you may be able to find
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an outdated or archival mirror by searching the web for an old package
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version (for example, @samp{gcc2-2.95.3-10-src.tar.bz2}), but keep in
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mind that this older version will not be supported by the mailing list
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and that installing the older version will not help improve Cygwin.
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@subsection Is Cygwin Setup, or one of the packages, infected with a virus?
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Unlikely. Unless you can confirm it, please don't report it to the
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mailing list. Anti-virus products have been known to detect false
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positives when extracting compressed tar archives. If this causes
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problems for you, consider disabling your anti-virus software when
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running @code{setup}. Read the next entry for a fairly safe way to do
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this.
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@subsection My computer hangs when I run Cygwin Setup!
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Both Network Associates (formerly McAfee) and Norton anti-virus
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products have been reported to "hang" when extracting Cygwin tar
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archives. If this happens to you, consider disabling your anti-virus
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software when running Cygwin Setup. The following procedure should be
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a fairly safe way to do that:
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@enumerate
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@item Download @code{setup.exe} and scan it explicitly.
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@item Turn off the anti-virus software.
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@item Run setup to download and extract all the tar files.
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@item Re-activate your anti-virus software and scan everything
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in C:\cygwin (or wherever you chose to install), or your entire hard
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disk if you are paranoid.
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@end enumerate
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This should be safe, but only if Cygwin Setup is not substituted by
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something malicious, and no mirror has been compromised.
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@subsection What packages should I download?
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When using Cygwin Setup for the first time, the default is to install
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a minimal subset of packages. If you want anything beyond that, you
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will have to select it explicitly. See
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@file{http://cygwin.com/packages/} for a searchable list of available
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packages.
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If you want to build programs, of course you'll need @samp{gcc},
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@samp{binutils}, @samp{make} and probably other packages from the
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``Devel'' category.
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@subsection How do I just get everything?
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Long ago, the default was to install everything, much to the
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irritation of most users. Now the default is to install only a basic
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core of packages. Cygwin Setup is designed to make it easy to browse
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categories and select what you want to install or omit from those
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categories. It's also easy to install everything:
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@enumerate
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@item At the ``Select Packages'' screen, in ``Categories'' view, at the line
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marked ``All'', click on the word ``default'' so that it changes to
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``install''. (Be patient, there is some computing to do at this step.
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It may take a second or two to register the change.) This tells Setup
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to install @emph{everything}, not just what it thinks you should have
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by default.
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@item Now click on the ``View'' button (twice) until you get the
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``Partial'' view. This shows exactly which packages are about to be
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downloaded and installed.
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@end enumerate
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This procedure only works for packages that are currently available.
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There is no way to tell Cygwin Setup to install all packages by
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default from now on. As new packages become available that would not
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be installed by default, you have to repeat the above procedure to get
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them.
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In general, a better method (in my opinion), is to:
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@enumerate
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@item First download & install all packages that would normally be
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installed by default. This includes fundamental packages and any
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updates to what you have already installed. Then...
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@item Run Cygwin Setup again, and apply the above technique to get all
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new packages that would not be installed by default. You can check
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the list in the Partial View before proceeding, in case there's
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something you really @emph{don't} want.
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@item In the latest version of Cygwin Setup, if you click the ``View''
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button (twice) more, it shows packages not currently installed. You
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ought to check whether you @emph{really} want to install everything!
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@end enumerate
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@subsection How much disk space does Cygwin require?
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That depends, obviously, on what you've chosen to download and
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install. A full installation today is probably larger than 800MB
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installed, not including the package archives themselves nor the source
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code.
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After installation, the package archives remain in your ``Local
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Package Directory'', by default the location of @code{setup.exe}. You
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may conserve disk space by deleting the subdirectories there. These
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directories will have very weird looking names, being encoded with
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their URLs.
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@subsection What if setup fails?
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First, make sure that you are using the latest version of Cygwin
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Setup. The latest version is always available from the 'Install
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Cygwin now' link on the Cygwin Home Page at @file{http://cygwin.com/}.
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If you are downloading from the Internet, setup will fail if it cannot
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download the list of mirrors at
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@file{http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html}. It could be that
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the network is too busy. Similarly for an ftp download site that isn't
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working. Try another mirror, or try again later.
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If setup refuses to download a package that you know needs to be
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upgraded, try deleting that package's entry from /etc/setup. If you are
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reacting quickly to an announcement on the mailing list, it could be
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that the mirror you are using doesn't have the latest copy yet. Try
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another mirror, or try again tomorrow.
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If setup has otherwise behaved strangely, check the files
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@samp{setup.log} and @samp{setup.log.full} in @code{/var/log}
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(@code{C:\cygwin\var\log} by default). It may provide some clues as
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to what went wrong and why.
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If you're still baffled, search the Cygwin mailing list for clues.
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Others may have the same problem, and a solution may be posted there.
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If that search proves fruitless, send a query to the Cygwin mailing
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list. You must provide complete details in your query: version of
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setup, options you selected, contents of setup.log and setup.log.full,
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what happened that wasn't supposed to happen, etc.
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@subsection My Windows logon name has a space in it, will this cause problems?
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Most definitely yes! UNIX shells (and thus Cygwin) use the space
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character as a word delimiter. Under certain circumstances, it is
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possible to get around this with various shell quoting mechanisms, but
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you are much better off if you can avoid the problem entirely.
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In particular, the environment variables @samp{USER} and @samp{HOME} are
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set for you in /etc/profile. By default these derive from your Windows
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logon name. You may edit this file and set them explicitly to something
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without spaces.
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(If you use the @samp{login} package or anything else that reads
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/etc/passwd, you may need to make corresponding changes there. See the
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README file for that package.)
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@subsection How do I uninstall individual packages?
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Run Cygwin Setup as you would to install packages. In the list of
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packages to install, browse the relevant category or click on the
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``View'' button to get a full listing. Click on the cycle glyph until
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the action reads ``Uninstall''. Proceed by clicking ``Next''.
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@subsection How do I uninstall @strong{all} of Cygwin?
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Setup has no automatic uninstall facility. Just delete everything
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manually:
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@itemize @bullet
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@item Cygwin shortcuts on the Desktop and Start Menu
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@item The registry tree @samp{Software\Cygnus Solutions} under
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@code{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} and/or @code{HKEY_CURRENT_USER}.
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@item Anything under the Cygwin root folder, @samp{C:\cygwin} by
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default.
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@item Anything created by setup in its temporary working directory.
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@end itemize
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It's up to you to deal with other changes you made to your system, such
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as installing the inetd service, altering system paths, etc. Setup
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would not have done any of these things for you.
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@subsection How do I install snapshots?
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First, are you sure you want to do this? Snapshots are risky. They
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have not been tested. Use them @strong{only} if there is a feature or
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bugfix that you need to try, and you are willing to deal with any
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problems.
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Before installing a snapshot, you must first Close @strong{all} Cygwin
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applications, including shells and services (e.g. inetd, sshd), before
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updating @code{cygwin1.dll}. You may have to restart Windows to clear
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the DLL from memory.
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You cannot use Setup to install a snapshot.
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You should generally install the full
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@code{cygwin-inst-YYYYMMDD.tar.bz2} update, rather than just the DLL,
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otherwise some components may be out of sync. Cygwin tar won't be
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able to update @code{/usr/bin/cygwin1.dll}, but it should succeed with
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everything else.
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@enumerate
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@item Download the snapshot, and run:
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@example
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cd /
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tar jxvf /posix/path/to/cygwin-inst-YYYYMMDD.tar.bz2 --exclude=usr/bin/cygwin1.dll
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cd /tmp
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tar jxvf /posix/path/to/cygwin-inst-YYYYMMDD.tar.bz2 usr/bin/cygwin1.dll
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@end example
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@item After closing all Cygwin apps (see above), use Explorer or the
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Windows command shell to move @code{C:\cygwin\tmp\usr\bin\cygwin1.dll}
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to @code{C:\cygwin\bin\cygwin1.dll}.
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@end enumerate
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@subsection Can Cygwin Setup maintain a ``mirror''?
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NO. Cygwin Setup cannot do this for you. Use a tool designed for
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this purpose. See @file{http://rsync.samba.org/},
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@file{http://wget.sunsite.dk/} for utilities that can do this for you.
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For more information on setting up a custom Cygwin package server, see
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the Cygwin Setup homepage at
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@file{http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin-apps/setup.html}.
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