471 lines
21 KiB
XML
471 lines
21 KiB
XML
<!-- faq-setup.xml -->
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.setup">
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<question><para>What is the recommended installation procedure?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>There is only one recommended way to install Cygwin, which is to use the GUI
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installer ``Cygwin Setup''. It is flexible and easy to use.
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You can pick and choose the packages you wish to install, and update
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them individually. Full source code is available for all packages and
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tools. More information on using Cygwin Setup may be found at
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html">http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>If you do it any other way, you're on your own! That said, keep in mind
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that the GUI installer is a "work in progress", so there might be a few
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difficulties, especially if you are behind a firewall or have other
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specific requirements. If something doesn't work right for you, and
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it's not covered here or in the latest development snapshot at
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/setup/">http://cygwin.com/setup/</ulink>, then by all means report it to the
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mailing list.
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</para>
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<para>For a searchable list of packages that can be installed with Cygwin,
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see <ulink url="http://cygwin.com/packages/">http://cygwin.com/packages/</ulink>.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.c">
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<question><para>Why not install in C:\?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>The Cygwin Setup program will prompt you for a "root" directory.
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The default is <literal>C:\cygwin</literal>, but you can change it. You are urged not to
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choose something like <literal>C:\</literal> (the root directory on the system drive) for
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your Cygwin root. If you do, then critical Cygwin system directories
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like <literal>etc</literal>, <literal>lib</literal> and <literal>bin</literal> could easily be corrupted by
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other (non-Cygwin) applications or packages that use <literal>\etc</literal>,
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<literal>\lib</literal> or <literal>\bin</literal>. Perhaps there is no conflict now, but who
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knows what you might install in the future? It's also just good common
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sense to segregate your Cygwin "filesystems" from the rest of your
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Windows system disk.
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</para>
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<para>(In the past, there had been genuine bugs that would cause problems
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for people who installed in <literal>C:\</literal>, but we believe those are gone
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now.)
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.old-versions">
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<question><para>Can I use Cygwin Setup to get old versions of packages (like gcc-2.95)?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Cygwin Setup can be used to install any packages that are on a
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Cygwin mirror, which usually includes one version previous to the
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current one. The complete list may be searched at
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/packages/">http://cygwin.com/packages/</ulink>. There is no complete archive of
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older packages. If you have a problem with the current version of
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a Cygwin package, please report it to the mailing list using the
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guidelines at <ulink url="http://cygwin.com/problems.html">http://cygwin.com/problems.html</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>That said, if you really need an older package, you may be able to find
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an outdated or archival mirror by searching the web for an old package
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version (for example, <literal>gcc2-2.95.3-10-src.tar.bz2</literal>), but keep in
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mind that this older version will not be supported by the mailing list
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and that installing the older version will not help improve Cygwin.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.virus">
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<question><para>Is Cygwin Setup, or one of the packages, infected with a virus?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Unlikely. Unless you can confirm it, please don't report it to the
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mailing list. Anti-virus products have been known to detect false
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positives when extracting compressed tar archives. If this causes
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problems for you, consider disabling your anti-virus software when
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running <literal>setup</literal>. Read the next entry for a fairly safe way to do
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this.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.hang">
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<question><para>My computer hangs when I run Cygwin Setup!</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Both Network Associates (formerly McAfee) and Norton anti-virus
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products have been reported to "hang" when extracting Cygwin tar
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archives. If this happens to you, consider disabling your anti-virus
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software when running Cygwin Setup. The following procedure should be
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a fairly safe way to do that:
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</para>
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<orderedlist><listitem><para>Download <literal>setup.exe</literal> and scan it explicitly.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Turn off the anti-virus software.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Run setup to download and extract all the tar files.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Re-activate your anti-virus software and scan everything
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in C:\cygwin (or wherever you chose to install), or your entire hard
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disk if you are paranoid.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>This should be safe, but only if Cygwin Setup is not substituted by
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something malicious, and no mirror has been compromised.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.what-packages">
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<question><para>What packages should I download? Where are 'make', 'gcc', 'vi', etc? </para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>When using Cygwin Setup for the first time, the default is to install
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a minimal subset of packages. If you want anything beyond that, you
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will have to select it explicitly. See
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/packages/">http://cygwin.com/packages/</ulink> for a searchable list of available
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packages.
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</para>
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<para>If you want to build programs, of course you'll need <literal>gcc</literal>,
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<literal>binutils</literal>, <literal>make</literal> and probably other packages from the
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``Devel'' category. Text editors can be found under ``Editors''.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.everything">
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<question><para>How do I just get everything?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Long ago, the default was to install everything, much to the
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irritation of most users. Now the default is to install only a basic
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core of packages. Cygwin Setup is designed to make it easy to browse
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categories and select what you want to install or omit from those
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categories. It's also easy to install everything:
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>At the ``Select Packages'' screen, in ``Categories'' view, at the line
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marked ``All'', click on the word ``default'' so that it changes to
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``install''. (Be patient, there is some computing to do at this step.
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It may take a second or two to register the change.) This tells Setup
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to install <emphasis>everything</emphasis>, not just what it thinks you should have
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by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Now click on the ``View'' button (twice) until you get the
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``Partial'' view. This shows exactly which packages are about to be
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downloaded and installed.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>This procedure only works for packages that are currently available.
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There is no way to tell Cygwin Setup to install all packages by
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default from now on. As new packages become available that would not
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be installed by default, you have to repeat the above procedure to get
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them.
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</para>
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<para>In general, a better method (in my opinion), is to:
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>First download & install all packages that would normally be
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installed by default. This includes fundamental packages and any
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updates to what you have already installed. Then...
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Run Cygwin Setup again, and apply the above technique to get all
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new packages that would not be installed by default. You can check
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the list in the Partial View before proceeding, in case there's
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something you really <emphasis>don't</emphasis> want.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>In the latest version of Cygwin Setup, if you click the ``View''
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button (twice) more, it shows packages not currently installed. You
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ought to check whether you <emphasis>really</emphasis> want to install everything!
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.disk-space">
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<question><para>How much disk space does Cygwin require?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>That depends, obviously, on what you've chosen to download and
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install. A full installation today is probably larger than 800MB
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installed, not including the package archives themselves nor the source
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code.
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</para>
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<para>After installation, the package archives remain in your ``Local
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Package Directory'', by default the location of <literal>setup.exe</literal>. You
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may conserve disk space by deleting the subdirectories there. These
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directories will have very weird looking names, being encoded with
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their URLs (named <literal>ftp%3a%2f...</literal>).
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</para>
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<para>Of course, you can keep them around in case you want to reinstall a
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package. If you want to clean out only the outdated packages, Michael Chase
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has written a script called <literal>clean_setup.pl</literal>, available
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at <ulink url="http://home.ix.netcom.com/~mchase/zip/" />.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.what-upgraded">
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<question><para>How do I know which version I upgraded from?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Detailed logs of the most recent Cygwin Setup session can be found in
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<literal>/var/log/setup.log.full</literal> and less verbose information about
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prior actions is in <literal>/var/log/setup.log</literal>.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.setup-fails">
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<question><para>What if setup fails?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>First, make sure that you are using the latest version of Cygwin Setup.
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The latest version is always available from the 'Install Cygwin now' link on
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the Cygwin Home Page at <ulink
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url="http://cygwin.com/">http://cygwin.com/</ulink>. </para>
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<para>If you are downloading from the Internet, setup will fail if it cannot
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download the list of mirrors at <ulink
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url="http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html">http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</ulink>.
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It could be that the network is too busy. Something similar could be the
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cause of a download site not working. Try another mirror, or try again
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later.
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</para>
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<para>If setup refuses to download a package that you know needs to be
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upgraded, try deleting that package's entry from /etc/setup. If you are
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reacting quickly to an announcement on the mailing list, it could be
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that the mirror you are using doesn't have the latest copy yet. Try
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another mirror, or try again tomorrow.
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</para>
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<para>If setup has otherwise behaved strangely, check the files
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<literal>setup.log</literal> and <literal>setup.log.full</literal> in
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<literal>/var/log</literal> (<literal>C:\cygwin\var\log</literal> by
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default). It may provide some clues as to what went wrong and why.
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</para>
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<para>If you're still baffled, search the Cygwin mailing list for clues.
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Others may have the same problem, and a solution may be posted there.
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If that search proves fruitless, send a query to the Cygwin mailing
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list. You must provide complete details in your query: version of
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setup, options you selected, contents of setup.log and setup.log.full,
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what happened that wasn't supposed to happen, etc.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.name-with-space">
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<question><para>My Windows logon name has a space in it, will this cause problems?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Most definitely yes! UNIX shells (and thus Cygwin) use the space
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character as a word delimiter. Under certain circumstances, it is
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possible to get around this with various shell quoting mechanisms, but
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you are much better off if you can avoid the problem entirely.
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</para>
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<para>On Windows NT/2000/XP you have two choices:
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</para><orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>You can rename the user in the Windows User Manager GUI and then
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run mkpasswd.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>You can simply edit the /etc/passwd file and change the Cygwin user name
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(first field). It's also a good idea to avoid spaces in the home directory.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>On Windows 95/98/ME you can create a new user and run mkpasswd,
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or you can delete the offending entry from /etc/passwd.
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Cygwin will then use the name in the default entry with uid 500.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.home">
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<question><para>My <literal>HOME</literal> environment variable is not what I want.</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>When starting Cygwin from Windows, <literal>HOME</literal> is determined as follows
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in order of decreasing priority:
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para><literal>HOME</literal> from the Windows environment, translated to POSIX form.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>The entry in /etc/passwd
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para><literal>HOMEDRIVE</literal> and <literal>HOMEPATH</literal> from the Windows environment
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>/
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>When using Cygwin from the network (telnet, ssh,...), <literal>HOME</literal> is set
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from /etc/passwd.
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</para>
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<para>If your <literal>HOME</literal> is set to a value such as /cygdrive/c, it is likely
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that it was set in Windows. Start a DOS Command Window and type
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"set HOME" to verify if this is the case.
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</para>
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<para>Access to shared drives is often restricted when starting from the network,
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thus Domain users may wish to have a different <literal>HOME</literal> in the
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Windows environment (on shared drive) than in /etc/passwd (on local drive).
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Note that ssh only considers /etc/passwd, disregarding <literal>HOME</literal>.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.uninstall-packages">
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<question><para>How do I uninstall individual packages?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Run Cygwin Setup as you would to install packages. In the list of
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packages to install, browse the relevant category or click on the
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``View'' button to get a full listing. Click on the cycle glyph until
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the action reads ``Uninstall''. Proceed by clicking ``Next''.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.uninstall-all">
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<question><para>How do I uninstall <emphasis role='bold'>all</emphasis> of Cygwin?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Setup has no automatic uninstall facility. The recommended method to remove all
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of Cygwin is as follows:
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>Remove all Cygwin services. If a service is currently running, it must
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first be stopped with <literal>cygrunsrv -E name</literal>, where <literal>name</literal>
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is the name of the service. Then use <literal>cygrunsrv -R name</literal> to uninstall the
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service from the registry. Repeat this for all services that you installed.
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Common services that might have been installed are <literal>sshd</literal>, <literal>cron</literal>,
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<literal>cygserver</literal>, <literal>inetd</literal>, <literal>apache</literal>, and so on.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Stop the X11 server if it is running, and terminate any Cygwin programs
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that might be running in the background. Remove all mount information by typing
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<literal>umount -A</literal> and then exit the command prompt and ensure that no Cygwin
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processes remain. Note: If you want to save your mount points for a later
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reinstall, first save the output of <literal>mount -m</literal> as described at
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#mount">http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#mount</ulink>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Delete the Cygwin root folder and all subfolders. If you get an error
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that an object is in use, then ensure that you've stopped all services and
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closed all Cygwin programs. If you get a 'Permission Denied' error then you
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will need to modify the permissions and/or ownership of the files or folders
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that are causing the error. For example, sometimes files used by system
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services end up owned by the SYSTEM account and not writable by regular users.
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</para>
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<para>The quickest way to delete the entire tree if you run into this problem is to
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change the ownership of all files and folders to your account. To do this in
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Windows Explorer, right click on the root Cygwin folder, choose Properties, then
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the Security tab. Select Advanced, then go to the Owner tab and make sure your
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account is listed as the owner. Select the 'Replace owner on subcontainers and
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objects' checkbox and press Ok. After Explorer applies the changes you should
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be able to delete the entire tree in one operation. Note that you can also
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achieve this in Cygwin by typing <literal>chown -R user /</literal> or by using other tools
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such as CACLS.EXE.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Delete the Cygwin shortcuts on the Desktop and Start Menu, and anything
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left by setup.exe in the download directory. However, if you plan to reinstall
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Cygwin it's a good idea to keep your setup.exe download directory since you can
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reinstall the packages left in its cache without redownloading them.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>If you added Cygwin to your system path, you should remove it unless you
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plan to reinstall Cygwin to the same location. Similarly, if you set your
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CYGWIN environment variable system-wide and don't plan to reinstall, you should
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remove it.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Finally, if you want to be thorough you can delete the registry tree
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<literal>Software\Cygnus Solutions</literal> under <literal>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</literal> and/or
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<literal>HKEY_CURRENT_USER</literal>. However, if you followed the directions above you
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will have already removed all the mount information which is typically the only
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thing stored in the registry.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.setup.snapshots">
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<question><para>How do I install snapshots?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>First, are you sure you want to do this? Snapshots are risky. They
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have not been tested. Use them <emphasis role='bold'>only</emphasis> if there is a feature or
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bugfix that you need to try, and you are willing to deal with any
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problems.
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</para>
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<para>Before installing a snapshot, you must first Close <emphasis role='bold'>all</emphasis> Cygwin
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applications, including shells and services (e.g. inetd, sshd), before
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updating <literal>cygwin1.dll</literal>. You may have to restart Windows to clear
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the DLL from memory.
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</para>
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<para>You cannot use Setup to install a snapshot.
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</para>
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<para>You should generally install the full
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<literal>cygwin-inst-YYYYMMDD.tar.bz2</literal> update, rather than just the DLL,
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otherwise some components may be out of sync. Cygwin tar won't be
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able to update <literal>/usr/bin/cygwin1.dll</literal>, but it should succeed with
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everything else.
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</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>Download the snapshot, and run:
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<screen>
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cd /
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tar jxvf /posix/path/to/cygwin-inst-YYYYMMDD.tar.bz2 --exclude=usr/bin/cygwin1.dll
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cd /tmp
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tar jxvf /posix/path/to/cygwin-inst-YYYYMMDD.tar.bz2 usr/bin/cygwin1.dll
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</screen>
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|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>After closing all Cygwin apps (see above), use Explorer or the
|
|
Windows command shell to move <literal>C:\cygwin\tmp\usr\bin\cygwin1.dll</literal>
|
|
to <literal>C:\cygwin\bin\cygwin1.dll</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.setup.mirror">
|
|
<question><para>Can Cygwin Setup maintain a ``mirror''?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>NO. Cygwin Setup cannot do this for you. Use a tool designed for
|
|
this purpose. See <ulink url="http://rsync.samba.org/">http://rsync.samba.org/</ulink>,
|
|
<ulink url="http://wget.sunsite.dk/">http://wget.sunsite.dk/</ulink> for utilities that can do this for you.
|
|
For more information on setting up a custom Cygwin package server, see
|
|
the Cygwin Setup homepage at
|
|
<ulink url="http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin-apps/setup.html">http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin-apps/setup.html</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.setup.cd">
|
|
<question><para>How can I make my own portable Cygwin on CD?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>While some users have successfully done this, for example Indiana
|
|
University's XLiveCD <ulink url="http://xlivecd.indiana.edu/">http://xlivecd.indiana.edu/</ulink>, there is no
|
|
easy way to do it. Full instructions for constructing a porttable Cygwin
|
|
on CD by hand can be found on the mailing list at
|
|
<ulink url="http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2003-07/msg01117.html">http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2003-07/msg01117.html</ulink>. (Thanks
|
|
to fergus at bonhard dot uklinux dot net for these instructions.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.setup.registry">
|
|
<question><para>How do I save, restore, delete, or modify the Cygwin information stored in the registry?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Currently Cygwin stores its mount table information in the registry. It
|
|
is recommended that you use the <literal>mount</literal> and <literal>umount</literal> commands
|
|
to manipulate the mount information instead of directly modifying the
|
|
registry.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>To save the mount information to a file for later restoration, use
|
|
<literal>mount -m > mounts.bat</literal> To remove all mount information use
|
|
<literal>umount -A</literal>. To reincorporate saved mount information just run the
|
|
batch file. For more information on using <literal>mount</literal>, see
|
|
<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#mount">http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#mount</ulink>.
|
|
</para></answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|