953 lines
39 KiB
XML
953 lines
39 KiB
XML
<!-- faq-problems.xml -->
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.missing-dlls">
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<question><para>Why can't my application locate cygncurses5.dll? or cygintl.dll? or cygreadline5.dll? or ...?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>If you upgraded recently, and suddenly vim (or some other Cygwin
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application) cannot find <literal>cygncurses5.dll</literal>, it probably means that you did
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not follow these instructions properly:
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin-announce/2001/msg00124.html">http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin-announce/2001/msg00124.html</ulink>. To
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repair the damage, you must run Cygwin Setup again, and re-install the
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<literal>libncurses5</literal> package.
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</para>
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<para>Note that Cygwin Setup won't show this option by default. In the
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``Select packages to install'' dialog, click on the <literal>Full/Part</literal>
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button. This lists all packages, even those that are already
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installed. Scroll down to locate the <literal>libncurses5</literal> package.
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Click on the ``cycle'' glyph until it says ``Reinstall''. Continue
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with the installation.
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</para>
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<para>Similarly, if something cannot find <literal>cygintl.dll</literal>, then run
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Cygwin Setup and re-install the <literal>libintl</literal> and <literal>libintl1</literal>
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packages.
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</para>
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<para>For a detailed explanation of the general problem, and how to extend
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it to other missing DLLs (like cygreadline5.dll) and identify their
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containing packages, see
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-01/msg01619.html">http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-01/msg01619.html</ulink>.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.slow">
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<question><para>Why is Cygwin suddenly <emphasis>so</emphasis> slow?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>If you recently upgraded and suddenly <emphasis>every</emphasis> command takes a
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<emphasis>very</emphasis> long time, then something is probably attempting to
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access a network share. You may have the obsolete <literal>//c</literal>
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notation in your PATH or startup files. This now means the
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<emphasis>network share</emphasis> <literal>c</literal>, which will slow things down
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tremendously if it does not exist.
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</para>
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<para>Using //c (for C:) doesn't work anymore. (Similarly for any drive
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letter, e.g. <literal>//z</literal> for <literal>Z:</literal>) This ``feature'' has long been
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deprecated, and no longer works at all in the latest release. As of
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release 1.3.3, <literal>//c</literal> now means the <emphasis>network share</emphasis> <literal>c</literal>.
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For a detailed discussion of why this change was made, and how deal
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with it now, refer to
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<ulink url="http://sources.redhat.com/ml/cygwin/2001-09/msg00014.html">http://sources.redhat.com/ml/cygwin/2001-09/msg00014.html</ulink>.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.services">
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<question><para>Why don't my services work?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Most Windows services run as a special user called <literal>SYSTEM</literal>. If you
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installed Cygwin for "Just Me", the <literal>SYSTEM</literal> user won't see your
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Cygwin mount table. You need to re-mount all of your mounts as
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"system" for services to work. You can re-run <literal>setup.exe</literal> and
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select "Install for All Users", or this script will do the trick:
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</para>
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<screen>
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eval "`mount -m | sed -e 's/ -u / -s /g' -e 's/$/;/'`"
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</screen>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.shares">
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<question><para>Why can't my services access network shares?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>When a service switches to a certain user, it is running as
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<literal>SYSTEM</literal> impersonating the user account. During
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impersonation, the user's password is not available and so non-public
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network shares are not available. For more information, see
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html" />.
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</para>
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<para>Workarounds include using public network share that does not require
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authentication (for non-critical files), providing your password to a
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<command>net use</command> command, or running the service as your own
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user with <literal>cygrunsrv -u</literal> (see
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<literal>/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/cygrunsrv.README</literal> for more
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information).
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.path">
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<question><para>How should I set my PATH?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>This is done for you in the file /etc/profile, which is sourced by bash
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when you start it from the Desktop or Start Menu shortcut, created by
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<literal>setup.exe</literal>. The line is
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</para>
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<screen>
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PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:$PATH"
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</screen>
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<para>Effectively, this <emphasis role='bold'>prepends</emphasis> /usr/local/bin and /usr/bin to your
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Windows system path. If you choose to reset your PATH, say in
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$HOME/.bashrc, or by editing etc/profile directly, then you should
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follow this rule. You <emphasis role='bold'>must</emphasis> have <literal>/usr/bin</literal> in your PATH
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<emphasis role='bold'>before</emphasis> any Windows system directories. (And you must not omit
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the Windows system directories!) Otherwise you will likely encounter
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all sorts of problems running Cygwin applications.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.not-found">
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<question><para>Bash says "command not found", but it's right there!</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>If you compile a program, you might find that you can't run it:
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</para>
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<screen>
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bash$ gcc -o hello hello.c
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bash$ hello
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bash: hello: command not found
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</screen>
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<para>Unlike Windows, bash does not look for programs in <literal>.</literal> (the current
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directory) by default. You can add <literal>.</literal> to your PATH (see above),
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but this is not recommended (at least on UNIX) for security reasons.
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Just tell bash where to find it, when you type it on the command line:
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</para>
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<screen>
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bash$ gcc -o hello hello.c
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bash$ ./hello
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Hello World!
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</screen>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.converting-paths">
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<question><para>How do I convert between Windows and UNIX paths?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Use the 'cygpath' utility. Type '<literal>cygpath --help</literal>' for
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information. For example (on my installation):
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<screen>
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bash$ cygpath --windows ~/.bashrc
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D:\starksb\.bashrc
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bash$ cygpath --unix C:/cygwin/bin/cygwin.bat
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/usr/bin/cygwin.bat
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bash$ cygpath --unix C:\\cygwin\\bin\\cygwin.bat
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/usr/bin/cygwin.bat
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</screen>
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Note that bash interprets the backslash '\' as an escape character, so
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you must type it twice in the bash shell if you want it to be recognized
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as such.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.bashrc">
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<question><para>Why doesn't bash read my .bashrc file on startup?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Your .bashrc is read from your home directory specified by the HOME
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environment variable. It uses /.bashrc if HOME is not set. So you need
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to set HOME correctly, or move your .bashrc to the top of the drive
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mounted as / in Cygwin.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.bash-insensitive">
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<question><para>How can I get bash filename completion to be case insensitive?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Add the following to your <literal>~/.bashrc</literal> file:
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</para>
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<screen>
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shopt -s nocaseglob
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</screen>
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<para>and add the following to your <literal>~/.inputrc</literal> file:
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</para>
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<screen>
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set completion-ignore-case on
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</screen>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.filename-spaces">
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<question><para>Can I use paths/filenames containing spaces in them?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Cygwin does support spaces in filenames and paths. That said, some
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utilities that use the library may not, since files don't typically
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contain spaces in Unix. If you stumble into problems with this, you
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will need to either fix the utilities or stop using spaces in filenames
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used by Cygwin tools.
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</para>
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<para>In particular, bash interprets space as a word separator. You would have
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to quote a filename containing spaces, or escape the space character.
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For example:
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<screen>
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bash-2.03$ cd '/cygdrive/c/Program Files'
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</screen>
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or
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<screen>
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bash-2.03$ cd /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files
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</screen>
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.shortcuts">
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<question><para>Why can't I cd into a shortcut to a directory?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Cygwin versions < 1.3.0 do not follow MS Windows Explorer Shortcuts
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(*.lnk files). It sees a shortcut as a regular file and this you
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cannot "cd" into it.
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</para>
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<para>Since version 1.3.0, Cygwin uses shortcuts as symlinks by default.
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</para>
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<para>Cygwin shortcuts are different from shortcuts created by native Windows
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applications. Windows applications can usually make use of Cygwin
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shortcuts but not vice versa. This is by choice. The reason is that
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Windows shortcuts may contain a bunch of extra information which would
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get lost, if, for example, Cygwin tar archives and extracts them as
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symlinks.
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</para>
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<para>Changing a Cygwin shortcut in Windows Explorer usually changes a Cygwin
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shortcut into a Windows native shortcut. Afterwards, Cygwin will not
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recognize it as symlink anymore.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.find">
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<question><para>I'm having basic problems with find. Why?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Make sure you are using the find that came with Cygwin and that you
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aren't picking up the Win32 find command instead. You can verify that
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you are getting the right one by doing a "type find" in bash.
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</para>
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<para>If the path argument to find, including current directory (default), is
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itself a symbolic link, then find will not traverse it unless you
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specify the <literal>-follow</literal> option. This behavior is different than most
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other UNIX implementations, but is not likely to change.
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</para>
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<para>If find does not seem to be producing enough results, or seems to be
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missing out some directories, you may be experiencing a problem with one
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of find's optimisations. The absence of <literal>.</literal> and <literal>..</literal>
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directories on some filesystems, such as DVD-R UDF, can confuse find.
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See the documentation for the option <literal>-noleaf</literal> in the man page.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.su">
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<question><para>Why doesn't <literal>su</literal> work?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>The <literal>su</literal> command has been in and out of Cygwin distributions, but
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it has not been ported to Cygwin and has never worked. It is
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currently installed as part of the sh-utils, but again, it does not work.
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</para>
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<para>You may be able to use <literal>login</literal> instead, but you should read
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<ulink url="http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-03/msg00337.html">http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-03/msg00337.html</ulink> first.
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</para>
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<para>For some technical background into why <literal>su</literal> doesn't work, read
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<ulink url="http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2003-06/msg00897.html">http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2003-06/msg00897.html</ulink> and
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related messages.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.man">
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<question><para>Why doesn't man (or apropos) work?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Before you can use <literal>man -k</literal> or <literal>apropos</literal>, you
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must create the whatis database. Just run the command
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</para>
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<screen>
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/usr/sbin/makewhatis
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</screen>
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<para>(it may take a minute to complete).
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.chmod">
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<question><para>Why doesn't chmod work?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>The most common case is that your <literal>/etc/passwd</literal>
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or <literal>/etc/group</literal> files are not properly set up. If
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<literal>ls -l</literal> shows a group of <literal>mkpasswd</literal>
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or <literal>mkgroup</literal>, you need to run one or both of those
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commands.
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</para>
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<para>For other cases, understand that Cygwin attempts to show UNIX
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permissions based on the security features of Windows, so the Windows
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ACLs are likely the source of your problem. See the Cygwin User's
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Guide at <ulink url="http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html" />
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for more information on how Cygwin maps Windows permissions.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.mkdir-network">
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<question><para>Why doesn't <literal>mkdir -p</literal> work on a network share?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Starting with <literal>coreutils-5.3.0-6</literal> and <literal>cygwin-1.5.17</literal>, you can
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do something like this:
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</para>
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<screen>
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bash$ mkdir -p //MACHINE/Share/path/to/new/dir
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</screen>
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<para>However, coreutils expects Unix path names, so something like
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<literal>mkdir -p \\\\machine\\share\\path</literal> will fail.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.shell-scripts">
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<question><para>Why doesn't my shell script work?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>There are two basic problems you might run into. One is the fact that
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<command>/bin/sh</command> is really <command>bash</command> (prior to
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<command>bash-3.0-6</command>, <command>/bin/sh</command> was ash). and is
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missing some features you might expect in <command>/bin/sh</command>,
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particularly if you are used to <command>/bin/sh</command> actually being
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<command>zsh</command> (MacOS X "Panther") or <command>ksh</command> (Tru64).
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</para>
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<para>Or, it could be a permission problem, and Cygwin doesn't understand that your script is executable. Because <literal>chmod</literal> may not work (see FAQ entry above), Cygwin must read the contents of files to determine if
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they are executable. If your script does not start with
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</para>
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<screen>
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#! /bin/sh
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</screen>
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<para>(or any path to a script interpreter, it does not have to be /bin/sh)
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then Cygwin will not know it is an executable script. The Bourne shell
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idiom
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</para>
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<screen>
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:
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# This is the 2nd line, assume processing by /bin/sh
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</screen>
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<para>also works.
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</para>
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<para>Note that you can use <literal>mount -x</literal> to force Cygwin to treat all files
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under the mount point as executable. This can be used for individual
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files as well as directories. Then Cygwin will not bother to read files
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to determine whether they are executable.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.printing">
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<question><para>How do I print under Cygwin?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>There is no working lp or lpr system as you would find on UNIX.
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</para>
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<para>Jason Tishler has written a couple of messages that explain how to use
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a2ps (for nicely formatted text in PostScript) and ghostscript (to print
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PostScript files on non-PostScript Windows printers). Start at
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<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-04/msg00657.html">http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-04/msg00657.html</ulink>. Note that the
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<literal>file</literal> command is now available as part of Cygwin setup.
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</para>
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<para>Alternatively, on NT, you can use the Windows <literal>print</literal> command. (It
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does not seem to be available on Win9x.) Type
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</para>
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<screen>
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bash$ print /\?
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</screen>
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<para>for usage instructions (note the <literal>?</literal> must be escaped from the
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shell).
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</para>
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<para>Finally, you can simply <literal>cat</literal> the file to the printer's share name:
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</para>
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<screen>
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bash$ cat myfile > //host/printer
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</screen>
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<para>You may need to press the formfeed button on your printer or append the
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formfeed character to your file.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.unicode">
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<question><para>Why don't international (Unicode) characters work?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para>Internationalization is a complex issue. The short answer is that
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Cygwin is not Unicode-aware, so things that might work in Linux will
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not necessarily work on Cygwin. However, some things do work. To type
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international characters (£äö) in <literal>bash</literal>, add the following
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lines to your <literal>~/.inputrc</literal> file and restart <literal>bash</literal>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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set meta-flag on
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set convert-meta off
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set output-meta on
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set input-meta on
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set kanji-code sjis
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set meta-flag on
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</screen>
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<para>These are options to the <literal>readline</literal> library, which you can read
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about in the <literal>bash(1)</literal> and <literal>readline(3)</literal> man pages. Other
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tools that do not use <literal>readline</literal> for display, such as <literal>less</literal>
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and <literal>ls</literal>, require additional settings, which could be put in your
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<literal>~/.bashrc</literal>:
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<screen>
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alias less='/bin/less -r'
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alias ls='/bin/ls -F --color=tty --show-control-chars'
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export LANG="ja_JP.SJIS"
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export OUTPUT_CHARSET="sjis"
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</screen>
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These examples use the Japanese Shift-JIS character set, obviously
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you will want to change them for your own locale.
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</para>
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</answer></qandaentry>
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<qandaentry id="faq.using.cursor">
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<question><para>Why don't cursor keys work under Win95/Win98?</para></question>
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<answer>
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<para><emphasis role='bold'>(Please note: This section has not yet been updated for the latest net release.)</emphasis>
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</para>
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<para>Careful examination shows that they not just non-functional, but
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rather behave strangely, for example, with NumLock off, keys on numeric
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keyboard work, until you press usual cursor keys, when even numeric
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stop working, but they start working again after hitting alphanumeric
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key, etc. This reported to happen on localized versions of Win98 and
|
|
Win95, and not specific to Cygwin; there are known cases of Alt+Enter
|
|
(fullscreen/windowed toggle) not working and shifts sticking with
|
|
other programs. The cause of this problem is Microsoft keyboard
|
|
localizer which by default installed in 'autoexec.bat'. Corresponding
|
|
line looks like:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
keyb ru,,C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\keybrd3.sys
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>(That's for russian locale.) You should comment that line if you want
|
|
your keys working properly. Of course, this will deprive you of your
|
|
local alphabet keyboard support, so you should think about
|
|
another localizer. ex-USSR users are of course knowledgeable of Keyrus
|
|
localizer, and it might work for other locales too, since it has keyboard
|
|
layout editor. But it has russian messages and documentation ;-(
|
|
Reference URL is http://www.hnet.ru/software/contrib/Utils/KeyRus/
|
|
(note the you may need to turn off Windows logo for Keyrus to operate
|
|
properly).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.multiple-copies">
|
|
<question><para>Is it OK to have multiple copies of the DLL?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>You should only have one copy of the Cygwin DLL on your system. If you
|
|
have multiple versions, they will conflict and cause problems.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>If you get the error "shared region is corrupted" or "shared region
|
|
version mismatch" it means you have multiple versions of cygwin1.dll
|
|
running at the same time. This could happen, for example, if you update
|
|
cygwin1.dll without exiting <emphasis>all</emphasis> Cygwin apps (including inetd)
|
|
beforehand.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>The only DLL that is sanctioned by the Cygwin project is the one that
|
|
you get by running <ulink url="http://cygwin.com/setup.exe">http://cygwin.com/setup.exe</ulink>, installed in the
|
|
directory controlled by this program. If you have other versions on
|
|
your system and desire help from the cygwin project, you should delete
|
|
or rename all DLLs that are not installed by <filename>setup.exe</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>If you're trying to find multiple versions of the DLL that are causing
|
|
this problem, reboot first, in case DLLs still loaded in memory are the
|
|
cause. Then use the Windows System find utility to search your whole
|
|
machine, not just components in your PATH (as 'type' would do) or
|
|
cygwin-mounted filesystems (as Cygwin 'find' would do).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.missing-packages">
|
|
<question><para>Why isn't package XYZ available in Cygwin?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Probably because there is nobody willing or able to maintain it. It
|
|
takes time, and the priority for the Cygwin Team is the Cygwin package.
|
|
The rest is a volunteer effort. Want to contribute? See
|
|
<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/setup.html">http://cygwin.com/setup.html</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.old-packages">
|
|
<question><para>Why is the Cygwin package of XYZ so out of date?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>(Also: Why is the version of package XYZ older than the version that I
|
|
can download from the XYZ web site? Why is the version of package XYZ
|
|
older than the version that I installed on my linux system? Is there
|
|
something special about Cygwin which requires that only an older version
|
|
of package XYZ will work on it?)
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Every package in the Cygwin distribution has a maintainer who is
|
|
responsible for sending out updates of the package. This person is a
|
|
volunteer who is rarely the same person as the official developer of the
|
|
package. If you notice that a version of a package seems to be out of
|
|
date, the reason is usually pretty simple -- the person who is
|
|
maintaining the package hasn't gotten around to updating it yet. Rarely,
|
|
the newer package actually requires complex changes that the maintainer
|
|
is working out.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>If you urgently need an update, sending a polite message to the cygwin
|
|
mailing list pinging the maintainer is perfectly acceptable. There are
|
|
no guarantees that the maintainer will have time to update the package
|
|
or that you'll receive a response to your request, however.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Remeber that the operative term here is "volunteer".
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.accessing-drives">
|
|
<question><para>How can I access other drives?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>You have some flexibility here.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Cygwin has a builtin "cygdrive prefix" for drives that are not mounted.
|
|
You can access any drive, say Z:, as '/cygdrive/z/'.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>In some applications (notably bash), you can use the familiar windows
|
|
<drive>:/path/, using posix forward-slashes ('/') instead of Windows
|
|
backward-slashes ('\'). (But see the warning below!) This maps in the
|
|
obvious way to the Windows path, but will be converted internally to use
|
|
the Cygwin path, following mounts (default or explicit). For example:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
bash$ cd C:/Windows
|
|
bash$ pwd
|
|
/cygdrive/c/Windows
|
|
</screen>
|
|
and
|
|
<screen>
|
|
bash$ cd C:/cygwin
|
|
bash$ pwd
|
|
/
|
|
</screen>
|
|
for a default setup. You could also use backward-slashes in the
|
|
Windows path, but these would have to be escaped from the shell.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para><emphasis role='bold'>Warning:</emphasis> There is some ambiguity in going from a Windows path
|
|
to the posix path, because different posix paths, through different
|
|
mount points, could map to the same Windows directory. This matters
|
|
because different mount points may be binmode or textmode, so the
|
|
behavior of Cygwin apps will vary depending on the posix path used to
|
|
get there.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>You can avoid the ambiguity of Windows paths, and avoid typing
|
|
"/cygdrive", by explicitly mounting drives to posix paths. For example:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
bash$ mkdir /c
|
|
bash$ mount c:/ /c
|
|
bash$ ls /c
|
|
</screen>
|
|
Then <literal>/cygdrive/c/Windows</literal> becomes <literal>/c/Windows</literal> which is a
|
|
little less typing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Note that you only need to mount drives once. The mapping is kept
|
|
in the registry so mounts stay valid pretty much indefinitely.
|
|
You can only get rid of them with umount, or the registry editor.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>The '-b' option to mount mounts the mountpoint in binary mode
|
|
("binmode") where text and binary files are treated equivalently. This
|
|
should only be necessary for badly ported Unix programs where binary
|
|
flags are missing from open calls. It is also the setting for /,
|
|
/usr/bin and /usr/lib in a default Cygwin installation. The default for
|
|
new mounts is text mode ("textmode"), which is also the mode for all
|
|
"cygdrive" mounts.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>You can change the default <literal>cygdrive</literal> prefix and whether it is
|
|
binmode or textmode using the <literal>mount</literal> command. For example,
|
|
<screen>
|
|
bash$ mount -b --change-cygdrive-prefix cygdrive
|
|
</screen>
|
|
will change all <literal>/cygdrive/...</literal> mounts to binmode.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.copy-and-paste">
|
|
<question><para>How can I copy and paste into Cygwin console windows?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>First, consider using rxvt instead of the standard console window. In
|
|
rxvt, selecting with the left-mouse also copies, and middle-mouse
|
|
pastes. It couldn't be easier!
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Under Windows NT, open the properties dialog of the console window.
|
|
The options contain a toggle button, named "Quick edit mode". It must
|
|
be ON. Save the properties.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Under Windows 9x, open the properties dialog of the console window.
|
|
Select the Misc tab. Uncheck Fast Pasting. Check QuickEdit.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>You can also bind the insert key to paste from the clipboard by adding
|
|
the following line to your .inputrc file:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
"\e[2~": paste-from-clipboard
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.firewall">
|
|
<question><para>What firewall should I use with Cygwin? </para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>We have had good reports about Kerio Personal Firewall, ZoneLabs
|
|
Integrity Desktop, and the built-in firewall in Windows XP. Other
|
|
well-known products including ZoneAlarm and Norton Internet Security have
|
|
caused problems for some users but work fine for others. At last report,
|
|
Agnitum Outpost did not work with Cygwin. If you are having strange
|
|
connection-related problems, disabling the firewall is a good
|
|
troubleshooting step (as is closing or disabling all other running
|
|
applications, especially resource-intensive processes such as indexed
|
|
search).
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>On the whole, Cygwin doesn't care which firewall is used. The few rare
|
|
exceptions have to do with socket code.
|
|
Cygwin uses sockets to implement many of its functions, such as IPC.
|
|
Some overzealous firewalls install themselves deeply into the winsock
|
|
stack (with the 'layered service provider' API) and install hooks
|
|
throughout. Sadly the mailing list archives are littered with examples
|
|
of poorly written firewall-type software that causes things to break.
|
|
Note that with many of these products, simply disabling the firewall
|
|
does not remove these changes; it must be completely uninstalled.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.sharing-files">
|
|
<question><para>How can I share files between Unix and Windows?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>During development, we have both Linux boxes running Samba and Windows
|
|
machines. We often build with cross-compilers under Linux and copy
|
|
binaries and source to the Windows system or just toy with them
|
|
directly off the Samba-mounted partition. On dual-boot NT/Windows 9x
|
|
machines, we usually use the FAT filesystem so we can also access the
|
|
files under Windows 9x.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.case-sensitive">
|
|
<question><para>Is Cygwin case-sensitive? What are managed mounts?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Several Unix programs expect to be able to use to filenames
|
|
spelled the same way, but with different case. A prime example
|
|
of this is perl's configuration script, which wants <literal>Makefile</literal> and
|
|
<literal>makefile</literal>. WIN32 can't tell the difference between files with
|
|
just different case, so the configuration fails.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>To help with this problem, starting in <literal>cygwin-1.5.0</literal> it is
|
|
possible to have a case sensitive Cygwin managed mount. This is an
|
|
experimental feature and should be used with caution. You should only
|
|
use it for directories that are initially unpopulated and are due to
|
|
be completely managed by cygwin (hence the name). So, the best use
|
|
would be to create an empty directory, mount it, and then add files to
|
|
it:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
mkdir /managed-dir
|
|
mount -o managed c:/cygwin/managed-dir /managed-dir
|
|
cd /managed-dir/
|
|
touch makefile
|
|
touch Makefile
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.dos-filenames">
|
|
<question><para>What about DOS special filenames?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Files cannot be named com1, lpt1, or aux (to name a few); either as
|
|
the root filename or as the extension part. If you do, you'll have
|
|
trouble. Unix programs don't avoid these names which can make things
|
|
interesting. E.g., the perl distribution has a file called
|
|
<literal>aux.sh</literal>. The perl configuration tries to make sure that
|
|
<literal>aux.sh</literal> is there, but an operation on a file with the magic
|
|
letters 'aux' in it will hang.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.hangs">
|
|
<question><para>When it hangs, how do I get it back?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>If something goes wrong and the tools hang on you for some reason (easy
|
|
to do if you try and read a file called aux.sh), first try hitting ^C to
|
|
return to bash or the cmd prompt.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>If you start up another shell, and applications don't run, it's a good
|
|
bet that the hung process is still running somewhere. Use the Task
|
|
Manager, pview, or a similar utility to kill the process.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>And, if all else fails, there's always the reset button/power switch.
|
|
This should never be necessary under Windows NT.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.directory-structure">
|
|
<question><para>Why the weird directory structure?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Why do /lib and /usr/lib (and /bin, /usr/bin) point to the same thing?
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Why use mounts instead of symbolic links?
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Can I use a disk root (e.g., C:\) as Cygwin root? Why is this discouraged?
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>After a new installation in the default location, your mount points will
|
|
look something like this:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
bash$ mount
|
|
C:\cygwin\bin on /usr/bin type system (binmode)
|
|
C:\cygwin\lib on /usr/lib type system (binmode)
|
|
C:\cygwin on / type system (binmode)
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>(Exactly what you see depends on what options you gave to <literal>setup.exe</literal>.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Note that /bin and /usr/bin point to the same location, as do /lib and
|
|
/usr/lib. This is intentional, and you should not undo these mounts
|
|
unless you <emphasis>really</emphasis> know what you are doing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Various applications and packages may expect to be installed in /lib or
|
|
/usr/lib (similarly /bin or /usr/bin). Rather than distinguish between
|
|
them and try to keep track of them (possibly requiring the occasional
|
|
duplication or symbolic link), it was decided to maintain only one
|
|
actual directory, with equivalent ways to access it.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Symbolic links had been considered for this purpose, but were dismissed
|
|
because they do not always work on Samba drives. Also, mounts are
|
|
faster to process because no disk access is required to resolve them.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Note that non-cygwin applications will not observe Cygwin mounts (or
|
|
symlinks for that matter). For example, if you use WinZip to unpack the
|
|
tar distribution of a Cygwin package, it may not get installed to the
|
|
correct Cygwin path. <emphasis>So don't do this!</emphasis>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>It is strongly recommended not to make the Cygwin root directory the
|
|
same as your drive's root directory, unless you know what you are doing
|
|
and are prepared to deal with the consequences. It is generally easier
|
|
to maintain the Cygwin hierarchy if it is isolated from, say, C:\. For
|
|
one thing, you avoid possible collisions with other (non-cygwin)
|
|
applications that may create (for example) \bin and \lib directories.
|
|
(Maybe you have nothing like that installed now, but who knows about
|
|
things you might add in the future?)
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.anti-virus">
|
|
<question><para>How do anti-virus programs like Cygwin?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Users have reported that NAI (formerly McAfee) VirusScan for NT (and
|
|
others?) is incompatible with Cygwin. This is because it tries to scan
|
|
the newly loaded shared memory in cygwin1.dll, which can cause fork() to
|
|
fail, wreaking havoc on many of the tools. (It is not confirmed that
|
|
this is still a problem, however.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>There have been several reports of NAI VirusScan causing the system to
|
|
hang when unpacking tar.gz archives. This is surely a bug in VirusScan,
|
|
and should be reported to NAI. The only workaround is to disable
|
|
VirusScan when accessing these files. This can be an issue during
|
|
setup, and is discussed in that FAQ entry.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Some users report a significant performance hit using Cygwin when their
|
|
anti-virus software is enabled. Rather than disable the anti-virus
|
|
software completely, it may be possible to specify directories whose
|
|
contents are exempt from scanning. In a default installation, this
|
|
would be <literal>C:\cygwin\bin</literal>. Obviously, this could be
|
|
exploited by a hostile non-Cygwin program, so do this at your own risk.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.emacs">
|
|
<question><para>Is there a Cygwin port of GNU Emacs?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Yes! It uses the X11 (<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/xfree/">http://cygwin.com/xfree/</ulink>) Windows
|
|
interface. From a remote login shell, this ``emacs -nw'' works fine.
|
|
There is also a non-X11 version which just provides the text-only
|
|
terminal interface. Use Cygwin Setup to install either one (or both).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.ntemacs">
|
|
<question><para>What about NT Emacs?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you want GNU Emacs with a native Microsoft Windows interface, but
|
|
without X, then you must use the native Windows port, commonly known
|
|
as ``NT Emacs''. You get NT Emacs from any GNU mirror. It is not
|
|
available from Cygwin Setup.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>NT Emacs uses the Windows command shell by default. Since it is not a
|
|
Cygwin application, it has no knowledge of Cygwin mounts. With those
|
|
points in mind, you need to add the following code to your ~/.emacs
|
|
(or ~/_emacs) file in order to use Cygwin bash. This is particularly useful
|
|
for the JDEE package (<ulink url="http://jdee.sunsite.dk/">http://jdee.sunsite.dk/</ulink>). The following
|
|
settings are for Emacs 21.1:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
;; This assumes that Cygwin is installed in C:\cygwin (the
|
|
;; default) and that C:\cygwin\bin is not already in your
|
|
;; Windows Path (it generally should not be).
|
|
;;
|
|
(setq exec-path (cons "C:/cygwin/bin" exec-path))
|
|
(setenv "PATH" (concat "C:\\cygwin\\bin;" (getenv "PATH")))
|
|
;;
|
|
;; NT-emacs assumes a Windows command shell, which you change
|
|
;; here.
|
|
;;
|
|
(setq shell-file-name "bash")
|
|
(setenv "SHELL" shell-file-name)
|
|
(setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name)
|
|
;;
|
|
;; This removes unsightly ^M characters that would otherwise
|
|
;; appear in the output of java applications.
|
|
;;
|
|
(add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
|
|
'comint-strip-ctrl-m)
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you want NT Emacs to understand Cygwin paths, get
|
|
cygwin-mount.el from <ulink url="http://www.emacswiki.org/elisp/index.html">http://www.emacswiki.org/elisp/index.html</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Note that all of this ``just works'' if you use the Cygwin port of
|
|
Emacs from Cygwin Setup.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.xemacs">
|
|
<question><para>What about XEmacs?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>For a concise description of the current situation with XEmacs, see
|
|
this message from the Cygwin mailing list:
|
|
<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-11/msg00609.html">http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-11/msg00609.html</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.console-window">
|
|
<question><para>Is there a better alternative to the standard console window?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Yes! Use rxvt instead. It's an optional package in Cygwin Setup.
|
|
You can use it with or without X11. You can resize it easily by
|
|
dragging an edge or corner. Copy and paste is easy with the left and
|
|
middle mouse buttons, respectively. It will honor settings in your
|
|
~/.Xdefaults file, even without X.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Don't invoke as simply ``rxvt'' because that will run /bin/sh (really
|
|
ash) which is not a good interactive shell. For details see
|
|
<literal>/usr/doc/Cygwin/rxvt-<ver>.README</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.info-error">
|
|
<question><para>info error "dir: No such file or directory"</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Cygwin packages install their info documentation in the
|
|
<literal>/usr/share/info</literal> directory. But you need to create a <literal>dir</literal>
|
|
file there before the standalone info program (probably
|
|
<literal>/usr/bin/info</literal>) can be used to read those info files. This is how
|
|
you do it:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
bash$ cd /usr/share/info
|
|
bash$ for f in *.info ; do install-info $f dir ; done
|
|
</screen>
|
|
This may generate warnings:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
install-info: warning: no info dir entry in `gzip.info'
|
|
install-info: warning: no info dir entry in `time.info'
|
|
</screen>
|
|
The <literal>install-info</literal> command cannot parse these files, so you will
|
|
have to add their entries to <literal>/usr/share/info/dir</literal> by hand.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>Even if the dir file already exists, you may have to update it when
|
|
you install new Cygwin packages. Some packages update the dir file
|
|
for you, but many don't.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.out-of-queue">
|
|
<question><para>Why do I get a message saying Out of Queue slots?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>"Out of queue slots!" generally occurs when you're trying to remove
|
|
many files that you do not have permission to remove (either because
|
|
you don't have permission, they are opened exclusively, etc). What
|
|
happens is Cygwin queues up these files with the supposition that it
|
|
will be possible to delete these files in the future. Assuming that
|
|
the permission of an affected file does change later on, the file will
|
|
be deleted as requested. However, if too many requests come in to
|
|
delete inaccessible files, the queue overflows and you get the message
|
|
you're asking about. Usually you can remedy this with a quick chmod,
|
|
close of a file, or other such thing. (Thanks to Larry Hall for
|
|
this explanation).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.symlinks-samba">
|
|
<question><para>Why don't symlinks work on samba-mounted filesystems?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>Symlinks are marked with "system" file attribute. Samba does not
|
|
enable this attribute by default. To enable it, consult your Samba
|
|
documentation and then add these lines to your samba configuration
|
|
file:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
map system = yes
|
|
create mask = 0775
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that the 0775 can be anything as long as the 0010 bit is set.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.df-incorrect">
|
|
<question><para>Why does df report sizes incorrectly.</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>There is a bug in the Win32 API function GetFreeDiskSpace that
|
|
makes it return incorrect values for disks larger than 2 GB in size.
|
|
Perhaps that may be your problem?
|
|
</para>
|
|
</answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|
|
<qandaentry id="faq.using.tcl-tk">
|
|
<question><para>Why doesn't Cygwin tcl/tk understand Cygwin paths?</para></question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
|
|
<para>The versions of Tcl/Tk distributed with Cygwin (e.g. cygtclsh80.exe,
|
|
cygwish80.exe) are not actually "Cygwin versions" of those tools.
|
|
They are built with the <literal>-mno-cygwin</literal> option to <literal>gcc</literal>, which
|
|
means they do not understand Cygwin mounts or symbolic links.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>See the entry "How do I convert between Windows and UNIX paths?"
|
|
elsewhere in this FAQ.
|
|
</para></answer></qandaentry>
|
|
|