Make line 47 in sf_trunc.c reachable. While converting the double
precision function trunc to the single precision version truncf an error
was introduced into the special case. This special case is meant to
catch both NaNs and infinities, however qNaNs and infinities work just
fine with the simple return of x (line 51). The only error occurs for
sNaNs where the same sNaN is returned and no invalid exception is
raised.
The comparison c == FP_INFINITE causes the function to return +inf as it
expects x = +inf to always be larger than y. This shortcut causes
several issues as it also returns +inf for the following cases:
- fdim(+inf, +inf), expected (as per C99): +0.0
- fdim(-inf, any non NaN), expected: +0.0
I don't see a reason to keep the comparison as all the infinity cases
return the correct result using just the ternary operation.
sf_log1p was using __math_divzero and __math_invalid, which
drag in a pile of double-precision code. Switch to using the
single-precision variants. This also required making those
available in __OBSOLETE_MATH mode.
Signed-off-by: Keith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
2019-07-09 Joern Rennecke <joern.rennecke@riscy-ip.com>
* libm/common/s_expm1.c ("math_config.h"): Include.
(expm1): Use __math_oflow to set errno.
* libm/common/s_log1p.c ("math_config.h"): Include.
(log1p): Use __math_divzero and __math_invalid to set errno.
* libm/common/sf_expm1.c ("math_config.h"): Include.
(expm1f): Use __math_oflow to set errno.
* libm/common/sf_log1p.c ("math_config.h"): Include.
(log1pf): Use __math_divzero and __math_invalid to set errno.
This patch removes the definitions of HUGE_VAL from some of the float math
functions. HUGE_VAL is defined in newlib/libc/include/math.h, so it is not
necessary to have a further definition in the math functions.
The threshold value at which powf overflows depends on the rounding mode
and the current check did not take this into account. So when the result
was rounded away from zero it could become infinity without setting
errno to ERANGE.
Example: pow(0x1.7ac7cp+5, 23) is 0x1.fffffep+127 + 0.1633ulp
If the result goes above 0x1.fffffep+127 + 0.5ulp then errno is set,
which is fine in nearest rounding mode, but
powf(0x1.7ac7cp+5, 23) is inf in upward rounding mode
powf(-0x1.7ac7cp+5, 23) is -inf in downward rounding mode
and the previous implementation did not set errno in these cases.
The fix tries to avoid affecting the common code path or calling a
function that may introduce a stack frame, so float arithmetics is used
to check the rounding mode and the threshold is selected accordingly.
Drop Cygwin-specific nanl in favor of a generic implementation
in newlib. Requires GCC 3.3 or later.
Signed-off-by: Corinna Vinschen <corinna@vinschen.de>
While working on the strstr patch I noticed several copyright headers
of the new math functions are missing closing quotes after ``AS IS.
I've added these. Also update spellings of Arm Ltd in a few places
(but still use ARM LTD in upper case portion). Finally add SPDX
identifiers to make everything consistent.
Improve comments in sincosf implementation to make the code easier
to understand. Rename the constant pi64 to pi63 since it's actually
PI * 2^-63. Add comments for fields of sincos_t structure. Add comments
describing implementation details to reduce_fast.
PREFER_FLOAT_COMPARISON setting was not correct as it could raise
spurious exceptions. Fixing it is easy: just use ISLESS(x, y) instead
of abstop12(x) < abstop12(y) with appropriate non-signaling definition
for ISLESS. However it seems this setting is not very useful (there is
only minor performance difference on various architectures), so remove
this option for now.
The !HAVE_FAST_FMA code path split r = z/c - 1 into r = rhi + rlo such
that when z = 1-tiny and c = 1 then rlo and rhi could have much larger
magnitude than r which later caused large rounding errors.
So do a nearest rounding instead of truncation at the split.
In newlib with default settings this was observable on some arm targets
that enable the new math code but has no fma.
The roundtoint and converttoint internal functions are only called with small
values, so 32 bit result is enough for converttoint and it is a signed int
conversion so the natural return type is int32_t.
The original idea was to help the compiler keeping the result in uint64_t,
then it's clear that no sign extension is needed and there is no accidental
undefined or implementation defined signed int arithmetics.
But it turns out gcc does a good job with inlining so changing the type has
no overhead and the semantics of the conversion is less surprising this way.
Since we want to allow the asuint64 (x + 0x1.8p52) style conversion, the top
bits were never usable and the existing code ensures that only the bottom
32 bits of the conversion result are used.
In newlib with default settings only aarch64 is affected and there is no
significant code generation change with gcc after the patch.
Synchronize code style and comments with Arm Optimized Routines, there
are no code changes in this patch. This ensures different projects using
the same code have consistent code style so bug fix patches can be applied
more easily.
The new implementation is provided under !__OBSOLETE_MATH, it uses
ISO C99 code. With default settings the worst case error in nearest
rounding mode is 0.54 ULP with inlined fma and fma contraction. It uses
a 4 KB lookup table in addition to the table in exp_data.c, on aarch64
.text+.rodata size of libm.a is increased by 2295 bytes.
Improvements on Cortex-A72:
latency: 3.3x
thruput: 4.9x
The new implementation is provided under !__OBSOLETE_MATH, it uses
ISO C99 code. With default settings the worst case error in nearest
rounding mode is 0.547 ULP with inlined fma and fma contraction. It uses
a 1 KB lookup table, on aarch64 .text+.rodata size of libm.a is increased
by 1584 bytes.
Note that the math.h header defines log2(x) to be log(x)/Ln2, this is
not changed, so the new code is only used if that macro is suppressed.
Improvements on Cortex-A72:
latency: 2.0x
thruput: 2.2x
The new implementations are provided under !__OBSOLETE_MATH, it uses
ISO C99 code. With default settings the worst case error in nearest
rounding mode is 0.519 ULP with inlined fma and fma contraction. It uses
a 2 KB lookup table, on aarch64 .text+.rodata size of libm.a is increased
by 1703 bytes. The w_log.c wrapper is disabled since error handling is
inline in the new code.
New __HAVE_FAST_FMA and __HAVE_FAST_FMA_DEFAULT feature macros were
added to enable selecting between the code path that uses fma and the
one that does not. Targets supposed to set __HAVE_FAST_FMA_DEFAULT
if they have single instruction fma and the compiler can actually
inline it (gcc has __FP_FAST_FMA macro but that does not guarantee
inlining with -fno-builtin-fma).
Improvements on Cortex-A72:
latency: 1.9x
thruput: 2.3x
The new implementations are provided under !__OBSOLETE_MATH, they use
ISO C99 code. There are several settings, with the default one the
worst case error in nearest rounding mode is 0.509 ULP for exp and
0.507 ULP for exp2 when a multiply and add is contracted into an fma.
They use a shared 2 KB lookup table, on aarch64 .text+.rodata size
of libm.a is increased by 1868 bytes. The w_*.c wrappers are disabled
for the new code as it takes care of error handling inline.
The old exp2(x) code used to be just pow(2,x) so the speedup there
is more significant.
The file name has no special prefix to avoid any name collision with
existing files.
Improvements on Cortex-A72:
exp latency: 3.2x
exp thruput: 4.1x
exp2 latency: 7.8x
exp2 thruput: 18.8x
This change is equivalent to the commit
c65db17340
and only affects code that is from the Arm optimized-routines project.
It does not affect the observable behaviour, but the code generation
can be different on 64bit targets. The intention is to make the
portable semantics of the code obvious by using a fixed size type.
Here is the correct patch with both filenames and int cast fixed:
This patch is a complete rewrite of sinf, cosf and sincosf. The new version
is significantly faster, as well as simple and accurate.
The worst-case ULP is 0.56072, maximum relative error is 0.5303p-23 over all
4 billion inputs. In non-nearest rounding modes the error is 1ULP.
The algorithm uses 3 main cases: small inputs which don't need argument
reduction, small inputs which need a simple range reduction and large inputs
requiring complex range reduction. The code uses approximate integer
comparisons to quickly decide between these cases - on some targets this may
be slow, so this can be configured to use floating point comparisons.
The small range reducer uses a single reduction step to handle values up to
120.0. It is fastest on targets which support inlined round instructions.
The large range reducer uses integer arithmetic for simplicity. It does a
32x96 bit multiply to compute a 64-bit modulo result. This is more than
accurate enough to handle the worst-case cancellation for values close to
an integer multiple of PI/4. It could be further optimized, however it is
already much faster than necessary.
Simple benchmark showing speedup factor on AArch64 for various ranges:
range 0.7853982 sinf 1.7 cosf 2.2 sincosf 2.8
range 1.570796 sinf 1.9 cosf 1.9 sincosf 2.7
range 3.141593 sinf 2.0 cosf 2.0 sincosf 3.5
range 6.283185 sinf 2.3 cosf 2.3 sincosf 4.2
range 125.6637 sinf 2.9 cosf 3.0 sincosf 5.1
range 1.1259e15 sinf 26.8 cosf 26.8 sincosf 45.2
ChangeLog:
2018-05-18 Wilco Dijkstra <wdijkstr@arm.com>
* newlib/libm/common/Makefile.in: Regenerated.
* newlib/libm/common/Makefile.am: Add sinf.c, cosf.c, sincosf.c
sincosf.h, sincosf_data.c. Add -fbuiltin -fno-math-errno to CFLAGS.
* newlib/libm/common/math_config.h: Add HAVE_FAST_ROUND, HAVE_FAST_LROUND,
roundtoint, converttoint, force_eval_float, force_eval_double, eval_as_float,
eval_as_double, likely, unlikely.
* newlib/libm/common/cosf.c: New file.
* newlib/libm/common/sinf.c: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/common/sincosf.h: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/common/sincosf.c: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/common/sincosf_data.c: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/math/sf_cos.c: Add #if to build conditionally.
* newlib/libm/math/sf_sin.c: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/math/wf_sincos.c: Likewise.
--
This patch is a complete rewrite of sinf, cosf and sincosf. The new version
is significantly faster, as well as simple and accurate.
The worst-case ULP is 0.56072, maximum relative error is 0.5303p-23 over all
4 billion inputs. In non-nearest rounding modes the error is 1ULP.
The algorithm uses 3 main cases: small inputs which don't need argument
reduction, small inputs which need a simple range reduction and large inputs
requiring complex range reduction. The code uses approximate integer
comparisons to quickly decide between these cases - on some targets this may
be slow, so this can be configured to use floating point comparisons.
The small range reducer uses a single reduction step to handle values up to
120.0. It is fastest on targets which support inlined round instructions.
The large range reducer uses integer arithmetic for simplicity. It does a
32x96 bit multiply to compute a 64-bit modulo result. This is more than
accurate enough to handle the worst-case cancellation for values close to
an integer multiple of PI/4. It could be further optimized, however it is
already much faster than necessary.
Simple benchmark showing speedup factor on AArch64 for various ranges:
range 0.7853982 sinf 1.7 cosf 2.2 sincosf 2.8
range 1.570796 sinf 1.9 cosf 1.9 sincosf 2.7
range 3.141593 sinf 2.0 cosf 2.0 sincosf 3.5
range 6.283185 sinf 2.3 cosf 2.3 sincosf 4.2
range 125.6637 sinf 2.9 cosf 3.0 sincosf 5.1
range 1.1259e15 sinf 26.8 cosf 26.8 sincosf 45.2
ChangeLog:
2018-06-18 Wilco Dijkstra <wdijkstr@arm.com>
* newlib/libm/common/Makefile.in: Regenerated.
* newlib/libm/common/Makefile.am: Add sinf.c, cosf.c, sincosf.c
sincosf.h, sincosf_data.c. Add -fbuiltin -fno-math-errno to CFLAGS.
* newlib/libm/common/math_config.h: Add HAVE_FAST_ROUND, HAVE_FAST_LROUND,
roundtoint, converttoint, force_eval_float, force_eval_double, eval_as_float,
eval_as_double, likely, unlikely.
* newlib/libm/common/cosf.c: New file.
* newlib/libm/common/sinf.c: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/common/sincosf.h: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/common/sincosf.c: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/common/sincosf_data.c: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/math/sf_cos.c: Add #if to build conditionally.
* newlib/libm/math/sf_sin.c: Likewise.
* newlib/libm/math/wf_sincos.c: Likewise.
--
Discard QUICKREF sections, rather than writing them to stderr
Discard MATHREF sections, rather than discarding as an error
Pass NOTES sections through to texinfo, rather than discarding as an error
Don't redirect makedoc stderr to .ref file
Remove makedoc output on error
Remove .ref files from CLEANFILES
Regenerate Makefile.ins
Signed-off-by: Jon Turney <jon.turney@dronecode.org.uk>
The recently added new math code inlines error handling instead of using
error handling wrappers around __ieee754* internal symbols, and thus the
__ieee754* symbols are no longer provided.
However __ieee754_expf and __ieee754_logf are used in the implementation
of a number of other math functions. These symbols are safe to redirect
to the external expf and logf symbols, because those names are always
reserved when single precision math functions are reserved and the
additional error handling code is either not reached or there will be
an error in the final result that will override an internal spurious
errno setting.
For consistency all of __ieee754_expf, __ieee754_logf and __ieee754_powf
are redirected using a macro.
Based on code from https://github.com/ARM-software/optimized-routines/
This patch adds a highly optimized generic implementation of expf,
exp2f, logf, log2f and powf. The new functions are not only
faster (6x for powf!), but are also smaller and more accurate.
In order to achieve this, the algorithm uses double precision
arithmetic for accuracy, avoids divisions and uses small table
lookups to minimize the polynomials. Special cases are handled
inline to avoid the unnecessary overhead of wrapper functions and
set errno to POSIX requirements.
The new functions are added under newlib/libm/common, but the old
implementations are kept (in newlib/libm/math) for non-IEEE or
pre-C99 systems. Targets can enable the new math code by defining
__OBSOLETE_MATH_DEFAULT to 0 in newlib/libc/include/machine/ieeefp.h,
users can override the default by defining __OBSOLETE_MATH.
Currently the new code is enabled for AArch64 and AArch32 with VFP.
Targets with a single precision FPU may still prefer the old
implementation.
libm.a size changes:
arm: -1692
arm/thumb/v7-a/nofp: -878
arm/thumb/v7-a+fp/hard: -864
arm/thumb/v7-a+fp/softfp: -908
aarch64: -1476
previous commit 4c90db7bc8 introduced
a compile time error because libm/common/s_infconst.c used the remove
__fmath, __dmath, and __ldmath union types.
Since this is very old, and unused for a very long time, just drop the
file and thus the __infinity constants entirely.
Exception: Cygwin exports __infinity from the beginning. There's a very,
VERY low probability that any existing executable or lib still uses this
constant, but we just keep it in for backward compat, nevertheless.
Signed-off-by: Corinna Vinschen <corinna@vinschen.de>
__builtin_isinf_sign doesn't reflect the correct return value for NaN
to emulate finite function. Use __builtin_isfinite instead whichg is available
since GCC 4.4 just as __builtin_isinf_sign.
* libm/common/sl_finite.c (finitel): Use __builtin_isfinite.
Signed-off-by: Corinna Vinschen <corinna@vinschen.de>
I think these are accidental omissions, as these source files are listed to be
chewed by makedoc, but the result is not included by any texinfo source file.
Future work: Nothing in libc/reent/ which is processed by makedoc is included by
reent.tex
2015-06-23 Jon Turney <jon.turney@dronecode.org.uk>
* libc/stdlib/stdlib.tex: Include itoa and utoa, and add to menu.
* libc/string/strings.tex: Include memrchr and rawmemchr, and add
to menu.
* libm/math/math.tex: Include exp10 and pow10, and add to menu.
* libm/common/s_exp10.c: Improve one-line description.
* libm/common/s_exp10.c: Ditto.
Signed-off-by: Jon TURNEY <jon.turney@dronecode.org.uk>
Fabian Schriever
Keith Packard
Joel Sherrill
Jeff Johnston
Jozef Lawrynowicz
Szabolcs Nagy
Corinna Vinschen
Wilco Dijkstra
Jon Beniston
Matthias Kannwischer
Yaakov Selkowitz
Jon Turney