* pathnames.sgml: Try to be more clear explain raw devices.
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Corinna Vinschen
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2009-03-09 Corinna Vinschen <corinna@vinschen.de>
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* pathnames.sgml: Try to be more clear explain raw devices.
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2009-03-03 Corinna Vinschen <corinna@vinschen.de>
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* faq-using.xml: Rework UTF FAQ to accommodate latest setlocale
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@ -421,11 +421,13 @@ Read on for more information.</para>
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directory as Cygwin automatically simulates it internally.
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These devices cannot be seen with the command <command>ls /dev/</command>
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although commands such as <command>ls /dev/tty</command> work fine.
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If you want to be able to see all devices in
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If you want to be able to see all well-known devices in
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<filename>/dev/</filename>, you can use Igor Pechtchanski's
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<ulink
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url="http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2004-03/txt00028.txt">create_devices.sh</ulink>
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script.
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script. This script does not add the raw disk devices, though. Again,
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it's not necessary to see an existing device in /dev to access it. The script
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is just for the fun of it.
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</para>
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<para>
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@ -491,48 +493,81 @@ from the POSIX namespace to the internal NT namespace.
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E.g. the first harddisk is the NT internal device \device\harddisk0\partition0
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or the first partition on the third harddisk is \device\harddisk2\partition1.
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The first floppy in the system is \device\floppy0, the first CD-ROM is
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\device\cdrom0 and the first tape drive is \device\tape0. The mapping
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to the POSIX /dev namespace is as follows:
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\device\cdrom0 and the first tape drive is \device\tape0.</para>
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<para>The mapping from physical device to the name of the device in the
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internal NT namespace can be found in various places. For hard disks and
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CD/DVD drives the Windows "Disk management" (part of the "Computer Management"
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console) shoes the mapping "Disk 0" is \device\harddisk0, "CD-ROM 2" is
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\device\cdrom2. Another place to find this mapping is the "Device Management"
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console. Disks have a "Location" number, tapes have a "Tape Symbolic Name",
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etc. Unfortunately the places where to find this information is not very
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well-defined.</para>
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<para>
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For external disks (USB-drives, CF-cards in a cardreader, etc) you can use
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Cygwin to find out the mapping. <filename>/proc/partitions</filename>
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contains a list of raw drives known to Cygwin. The <command>df</command>
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command shows a list of drives and their respective sizes. If you match
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the information between <filename>/proc/partitions</filename> and the
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<command>df</command> output, you should be able to figure out which
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external drive corresponds to which raw disk device name.</para>
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<note><para>Apart from tape devices which are not block devices and are
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by default accessed directly, accessing mass storage devices raw
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is something you should only do if you know what you're doing and know how to
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handle the information. <emphasis role='bold'>Writing</emphasis> to a raw
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mass storage device you should only do if you
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<emphasis role='bold'>really</emphasis> know what you're doing and are aware
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of the fact that any mistake can destroy important information, for the
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device, and for you. So, please, handle this ability with care.
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<emphasis role='bold'>You have been warned.</emphasis></para></note>
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<para>
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Last but not least, the mapping from POSIX /dev namespace to internal
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NT namespace is as follows:
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</para>
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<screen>
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/dev/st0 \device\tape0, rewind
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/dev/nst0 \device\tape0, no-rewind
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/dev/st1 \device\tape1
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/dev/nst1 \device\tape1
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POSIX device name Internal NT device name
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/dev/st0 \device\tape0, rewind
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/dev/nst0 \device\tape0, no-rewind
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/dev/st1 \device\tape1
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/dev/nst1 \device\tape1
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...
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/dev/st15
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/dev/nst15
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/dev/fd0 \device\floppy0
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/dev/fd1 \device\floppy1
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/dev/fd0 \device\floppy0
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/dev/fd1 \device\floppy1
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...
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/dev/fd15
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/dev/sr0 \device\cdrom0
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/dev/sr1 \device\cdrom1
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/dev/sr0 \device\cdrom0
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/dev/sr1 \device\cdrom1
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...
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/dev/sr15
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/dev/scd0 \device\cdrom0
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/dev/scd1 \device\cdrom1
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/dev/scd0 \device\cdrom0
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/dev/scd1 \device\cdrom1
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...
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/dev/scd15
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/dev/sda \device\harddisk0\partition0 (whole disk)
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/dev/sda1 \device\harddisk0\partition1 (first partition)
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/dev/sda \device\harddisk0\partition0 (whole disk)
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/dev/sda1 \device\harddisk0\partition1 (first partition)
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...
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/dev/sda15 \device\harddisk0\partition15 (fifteenth partition)
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/dev/sda15 \device\harddisk0\partition15 (fifteenth partition)
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/dev/sdb \device\harddisk1\partition0
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/dev/sdb1 \device\harddisk1\partition1
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/dev/sdb \device\harddisk1\partition0
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/dev/sdb1 \device\harddisk1\partition1
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[up to]
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/dev/sddx \device\harddisk127\partition0
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/dev/sddx1 \device\harddisk127\partition1
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/dev/sddx \device\harddisk127\partition0
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/dev/sddx1 \device\harddisk127\partition1
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...
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/dev/sddx15 \device\harddisk127\partition15
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/dev/sddx15 \device\harddisk127\partition15
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</screen>
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<para>
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