Cygwin: pty: Avoid client deadlock when pty master stops to read.

Previsouly, the following commands hangs:
  mintty -e timeout 1 dash -c 'yes aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | cat'

The mechanism is as follows.

When the child process (timeout) is terminated, mintty seems to stop
reading pty master even if yes or cat still alive.

If the the pipe used to transfer output from pty slave to pty master
is full due to lack of master reader, WriteFile() to the pipe is
blocked. WriteFile() cannot be canceled by cygwin signal, therefore,
pty slave hangs.

This patch avoids hanging by checking pipe space before calling
WriteFile() and prevents writing data more than space.

Addresses: https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin/2024-June/256178.html
Reported-by: jojelino <jojelino@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Yano <takashi.yano@nifty.ne.jp>

winsup/cygwin/fhandler/pty.cc

@@ -3118,8 +3118,22 @@ fhandler_pty_common::process_opost_output (HANDLE h, const void *ptr,
     return res; /* Discard write data */
   while (towrite)
     {
+      ssize_t space = towrite;
       if (!is_echo)
 	{
+	  IO_STATUS_BLOCK iosb = {{0}, 0};
+	  FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION fpli = {0};
+	  NTSTATUS status;
+
+	  status = NtQueryInformationFile (h, &iosb, &fpli, sizeof (fpli),
+					   FilePipeLocalInformation);
+	  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
+	    {
+	      if (towrite < len)
+		break;
+	      len = -1;
+	      return FALSE;
+	    }
 	  if (ttyp->output_stopped && is_nonblocking)
 	    {
 	      if (towrite < len)
@@ -3131,13 +3145,18 @@ fhandler_pty_common::process_opost_output (HANDLE h, const void *ptr,
 		  return TRUE;
 		}
 	    }
-	  while (ttyp->output_stopped)
-	    cygwait (10);
+	  if (ttyp->output_stopped || fpli.WriteQuotaAvailable == 0)
+	    {
+	      cygwait (1);
+	      continue;
+	    }
+	  space = fpli.WriteQuotaAvailable;
 	}
 
       if (!(ttyp->ti.c_oflag & OPOST))	// raw output mode
 	{
 	  DWORD n = MIN (OUT_BUFFER_SIZE, towrite);
+	  n = MIN (n, space);
 	  res = WriteFile (h, ptr, n, &n, NULL);
 	  if (!res)
 	    break;
@@ -3150,7 +3169,7 @@ fhandler_pty_common::process_opost_output (HANDLE h, const void *ptr,
 	  char *buf = (char *)ptr;
 	  DWORD n = 0;
 	  ssize_t rc = 0;
-	  while (n < OUT_BUFFER_SIZE && rc < towrite)
+	  while (n < OUT_BUFFER_SIZE && n < space && rc < towrite)
 	    {
 	      switch (buf[rc])
 		{

winsup/cygwin/release/3.5.4

@@ -15,3 +15,7 @@ Fixes:
 
 - Fix a problem that ldd command against cygwin DLLs sometimes hangs.
   Addresses: https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin/2024-May/255991.html
+
+- Fix a problem that pty slave hangs on writing when pty master stops
+  to read.
+  Addresses: https://cygwin.com/pipermail/cygwin/2024-June/256178.html