newlib-cygwin/winsup/cygwin/path.cc

/* path.cc: path support.

     Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
     2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Red Hat, Inc.

  This file is part of Cygwin.

  This software is a copyrighted work licensed under the terms of the
  Cygwin license.  Please consult the file "CYGWIN_LICENSE" for
  details. */

  /* This module's job is to
     - convert between POSIX and Win32 style filenames,
     - support the `mount' functionality,
     - support symlinks for files and directories

     Pathnames are handled as follows:

     - A \ or : in a path denotes a pure windows spec.
     - Paths beginning with // (or \\) are not translated (i.e. looked
       up in the mount table) and are assumed to be UNC path names.

     The goal in the above set of rules is to allow both POSIX and Win32
     flavors of pathnames without either interfering.  The rules are
     intended to be as close to a superset of both as possible.

     Note that you can have more than one path to a file.  The mount
     table is always prefered when translating Win32 paths to POSIX
     paths.  Win32 paths in mount table entries may be UNC paths or
     standard Win32 paths starting with <drive-letter>:

     Text vs Binary issues are not considered here in path style
     decisions, although the appropriate flags are retrieved and
     stored in various structures.

     Removing mounted filesystem support would simplify things greatly,
     but having it gives us a mechanism of treating disk that lives on a
     UNIX machine as having UNIX semantics [it allows one to edit a text
     file on that disk and not have cr's magically appear and perhaps
     break apps running on UNIX boxes].  It also useful to be able to
     layout a hierarchy without changing the underlying directories.

     The semantics of mounting file systems is not intended to precisely
     follow normal UNIX systems.

     Each DOS drive is defined to have a current directory.  Supporting
     this would complicate things so for now things are defined so that
     c: means c:\.
  */

#include "winsup.h"
#include "miscfuncs.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <winioctl.h>
#include <wingdi.h>
#include <winuser.h>
#include <winnetwk.h>
#include <winnls.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/cygwin.h>
#include "cygerrno.h"
#include "security.h"
#include "path.h"
#include "fhandler.h"
#include "dtable.h"
#include "cygheap.h"
#include "shared_info.h"
#include "cygtls.h"
#include "tls_pbuf.h"
#include "environ.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <ntdll.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <wctype.h>

suffix_info stat_suffixes[] =
{
  suffix_info ("", 1),
  suffix_info (".exe", 1),
  suffix_info (NULL)
};

struct symlink_info
{
  char contents[SYMLINK_MAX + 1];
  char *ext_here;
  int extn;
  unsigned pflags;
  DWORD fileattr;
  int issymlink;
  bool ext_tacked_on;
  int error;
  bool isdevice;
  _major_t major;
  _minor_t minor;
  _mode_t mode;
  int check (char *path, const suffix_info *suffixes, fs_info &fs,
	     path_conv_handle &conv_hdl);
  int set (char *path);
  bool parse_device (const char *);
  int check_sysfile (HANDLE h);
  int check_shortcut (HANDLE h);
  int check_reparse_point (HANDLE h, bool remote);
  int check_nfs_symlink (HANDLE h);
  int posixify (char *srcbuf);
  bool set_error (int);
};

muto NO_COPY cwdstuff::cwd_lock;

static const GUID GUID_shortcut
			= { 0x00021401L, 0, 0, {0xc0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x46}};

enum
{
  WSH_FLAG_IDLIST = 0x01,	/* Contains an ITEMIDLIST. */
  WSH_FLAG_FILE = 0x02,		/* Contains a file locator element. */
  WSH_FLAG_DESC = 0x04,		/* Contains a description. */
  WSH_FLAG_RELPATH = 0x08,	/* Contains a relative path. */
  WSH_FLAG_WD = 0x10,		/* Contains a working dir. */
  WSH_FLAG_CMDLINE = 0x20,	/* Contains command line args. */
  WSH_FLAG_ICON = 0x40		/* Contains a custom icon. */
};

struct win_shortcut_hdr
{
  DWORD size;		/* Header size in bytes.  Must contain 0x4c. */
  GUID magic;		/* GUID of shortcut files. */
  DWORD flags;	/* Content flags.  See above. */

  /* The next fields from attr to icon_no are always set to 0 in Cygwin
     and U/Win shortcuts. */
  DWORD attr;	/* Target file attributes. */
  FILETIME ctime;	/* These filetime items are never touched by the */
  FILETIME mtime;	/* system, apparently. Values don't matter. */
  FILETIME atime;
  DWORD filesize;	/* Target filesize. */
  DWORD icon_no;	/* Icon number. */

  DWORD run;		/* Values defined in winuser.h. Use SW_NORMAL. */
  DWORD hotkey;	/* Hotkey value. Set to 0.  */
  DWORD dummy[2];	/* Future extension probably. Always 0. */
};

/* Return non-zero if PATH1 is a prefix of PATH2.
   Both are assumed to be of the same path style and / vs \ usage.
   Neither may be "".
   LEN1 = strlen (PATH1).  It's passed because often it's already known.

   Examples:
   /foo/ is a prefix of /foo  <-- may seem odd, but desired
   /foo is a prefix of /foo/
   / is a prefix of /foo/bar
   / is not a prefix of foo/bar
   foo/ is a prefix foo/bar
   /foo is not a prefix of /foobar
*/

int
path_prefix_p (const char *path1, const char *path2, int len1,
	       bool caseinsensitive)
{
  /* Handle case where PATH1 has trailing '/' and when it doesn't.  */
  if (len1 > 0 && isdirsep (path1[len1 - 1]))
    len1--;

  if (len1 == 0)
    return isdirsep (path2[0]) && !isdirsep (path2[1]);

  if (isdirsep (path2[len1]) || path2[len1] == 0 || path1[len1 - 1] == ':')
    return caseinsensitive ? strncasematch (path1, path2, len1)
			   : !strncmp (path1, path2, len1);

  return 0;
}

/* Return non-zero if paths match in first len chars.
   Check is dependent of the case sensitivity setting. */
int
pathnmatch (const char *path1, const char *path2, int len, bool caseinsensitive)
{
  return caseinsensitive
	 ? strncasematch (path1, path2, len) : !strncmp (path1, path2, len);
}

/* Return non-zero if paths match. Check is dependent of the case
   sensitivity setting. */
int
pathmatch (const char *path1, const char *path2, bool caseinsensitive)
{
  return caseinsensitive
	 ? strcasematch (path1, path2) : !strcmp (path1, path2);
}

/* TODO: This function is used in mkdir and rmdir to generate correct
   error messages in case of paths ending in /. or /.. components.
   Right now, normalize_posix_path will just normalize
   those components away, which changes the semantics.  */
bool
has_dot_last_component (const char *dir, bool test_dot_dot)
{
  /* SUSv3: . and .. are not allowed as last components in various system
     calls.  Don't test for backslash path separator since that's a Win32
     path following Win32 rules. */
  const char *last_comp = strchr (dir, '\0');

  if (last_comp == dir)
    return false;	/* Empty string.  Probably shouldn't happen here? */

  /* Detect run of trailing slashes */
  while (last_comp > dir && *--last_comp == '/')
    continue;

  /* Detect just a run of slashes or a path that does not end with a slash. */
  if (*last_comp != '.')
    return false;

  /* We know we have a trailing dot here.  Check that it really is a standalone "."
     path component by checking that it is at the beginning of the string or is
     preceded by a "/" */
  if (last_comp == dir || *--last_comp == '/')
    return true;

  /* If we're not checking for '..' we're done.  Ditto if we're now pointing to
     a non-dot. */
  if (!test_dot_dot || *last_comp != '.')
    return false;		/* either not testing for .. or this was not '..' */

  /* Repeat previous test for standalone or path component. */
  return last_comp == dir || last_comp[-1] == '/';
}

/* Normalize a POSIX path.
   All duplicate /'s, except for 2 leading /'s, are deleted.
   The result is 0 for success, or an errno error value.  */

int
normalize_posix_path (const char *src, char *dst, char *&tail)
{
  const char *in_src = src;
  char *dst_start = dst;
  bool check_parent = false;
  syscall_printf ("src %s", src);

  if ((isdrive (src) && isdirsep (src[2])) || *src == '\\')
    goto win32_path;

  tail = dst;
  if (!isslash (src[0]))
    {
      if (!cygheap->cwd.get (dst))
	return get_errno ();
      tail = strchr (tail, '\0');
      if (isslash (dst[0]) && isslash (dst[1]))
	++dst_start;
      if (*src == '.')
	{
	  if (tail == dst_start + 1 && *dst_start == '/')
	     tail--;
	  goto sawdot;
	}
      if (tail > dst && !isslash (tail[-1]))
	*tail++ = '/';
    }
  /* Two leading /'s?  If so, preserve them.  */
  else if (isslash (src[1]) && !isslash (src[2]))
    {
      *tail++ = *src++;
      ++dst_start;
    }

  while (*src)
    {
      if (*src == '\\')
	goto win32_path;
      /* Strip runs of /'s.  */
      if (!isslash (*src))
	*tail++ = *src++;
      else
	{
	  check_parent = true;
	  while (*++src)
	    {
	      if (isslash (*src))
		continue;

	      if (*src != '.')
		break;

	    sawdot:
	      if (src[1] != '.')
		{
		  if (!src[1])
		    {
		      *tail++ = '/';
		      goto done;
		    }
		  if (!isslash (src[1]))
		    break;
		}
	      else if (src[2] && !isslash (src[2]))
		break;
	      else
		{
		  /* According to POSIX semantics all elements of path must
		     exist.  To follow it, we must validate our path before
		     removing the trailing component.  Check_parent is needed
		     for performance optimization, in order not to verify paths
		     which are already verified. For example this prevents
		     double check in case of foo/bar/../.. */
		  if (check_parent)
		    {
		      *tail = 0;
		      debug_printf ("checking %s before '..'", dst_start);
		      path_conv head (dst_start);
		      if (!head.isdir())
		        return ENOENT;
		      check_parent = false;
		    }
		  while (tail > dst_start && !isslash (*--tail))
		    continue;
		  src++;
		}
	    }

	  *tail++ = '/';
	}
	if ((tail - dst) >= NT_MAX_PATH)
	  {
	    debug_printf ("ENAMETOOLONG = normalize_posix_path (%s)", src);
	    return ENAMETOOLONG;
	  }
    }

done:
  *tail = '\0';

  debug_printf ("%s = normalize_posix_path (%s)", dst, in_src);
  return 0;

win32_path:
  int err = normalize_win32_path (in_src, dst, tail);
  if (!err)
    for (char *p = dst; (p = strchr (p, '\\')); p++)
      *p = '/';
  return err ?: -1;
}

inline void
path_conv::add_ext_from_sym (symlink_info &sym)
{
  if (sym.ext_here && *sym.ext_here)
    {
      known_suffix = path + sym.extn;
      if (sym.ext_tacked_on)
	strcpy ((char *) known_suffix, sym.ext_here);
    }
}

static void __reg2 mkrelpath (char *dst, bool caseinsensitive);

static void __reg2
mkrelpath (char *path, bool caseinsensitive)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  char *cwd_win32 = tp.c_get ();
  if (!cygheap->cwd.get (cwd_win32, 0))
    return;

  unsigned cwdlen = strlen (cwd_win32);
  if (!path_prefix_p (cwd_win32, path, cwdlen, caseinsensitive))
    return;

  size_t n = strlen (path);
  if (n < cwdlen)
    return;

  char *tail = path;
  if (n == cwdlen)
    tail += cwdlen;
  else
    tail += isdirsep (cwd_win32[cwdlen - 1]) ? cwdlen : cwdlen + 1;

  memmove (path, tail, strlen (tail) + 1);
  if (!*path)
    strcpy (path, ".");
}

void
path_conv::set_normalized_path (const char *path_copy)
{
  if (path_copy)
    {
      size_t n = strlen (path_copy) + 1;
      char *p = (char *) crealloc_abort ((void *) normalized_path, n);
      normalized_path = (const char *) memcpy (p, path_copy, n);
    }
}

static inline void
str2uni_cat (UNICODE_STRING &tgt, const char *srcstr)
{
  int len = sys_mbstowcs (tgt.Buffer + tgt.Length / sizeof (WCHAR),
			  (tgt.MaximumLength - tgt.Length) / sizeof (WCHAR),
			  srcstr);
  if (len)
    tgt.Length += (len - 1) * sizeof (WCHAR);
}

PUNICODE_STRING
get_nt_native_path (const char *path, UNICODE_STRING& upath, bool dos)
{
  upath.Length = 0;
  if (path[0] == '/')		/* special path w/o NT path representation. */
    str2uni_cat (upath, path);
  else if (path[0] != '\\')	/* X:\...  or relative path. */
    {
      if (path[1] == ':')	/* X:\... */
	{
	  RtlAppendUnicodeStringToString (&upath, &ro_u_natp);
	  str2uni_cat (upath, path);
	  /* The drive letter must be upper case. */
	  upath.Buffer[4] = towupper (upath.Buffer[4]);
	}
      else
	str2uni_cat (upath, path);
      transform_chars (&upath, 7);
    }
  else if (path[1] != '\\')	/* \Device\... */
    str2uni_cat (upath, path);
  else if ((path[2] != '.' && path[2] != '?')
	   || path[3] != '\\')	/* \\server\share\... */
    {
      RtlAppendUnicodeStringToString (&upath, &ro_u_uncp);
      str2uni_cat (upath, path + 2);
      transform_chars (&upath, 8);
    }
  else				/* \\.\device or \\?\foo */
    {
      RtlAppendUnicodeStringToString (&upath, &ro_u_natp);
      str2uni_cat (upath, path + 4);
    }
  if (dos)
    {
      /* Unfortunately we can't just use transform_chars with the tfx_rev_chars
	 table since only leading and trailing spaces and dots are affected.
	 So we step to every backslash and fix surrounding dots and spaces.
	 That makes these broken filesystems a bit slower, but, hey. */
      PWCHAR cp = upath.Buffer + 7;
      PWCHAR cend = upath.Buffer + upath.Length / sizeof (WCHAR);
      while (++cp < cend)
	if (*cp == L'\\')
	  {
	    PWCHAR ccp = cp - 1;
	    while (*ccp == L'.' || *ccp == L' ')
	      *ccp-- |= 0xf000;
	    while (cp[1] == L' ')
	      *++cp |= 0xf000;
	  }
      while (*--cp == L'.' || *cp == L' ')
	*cp |= 0xf000;
    }
  return &upath;
}

PUNICODE_STRING
path_conv::get_nt_native_path ()
{
  PUNICODE_STRING res;
  if (wide_path)
    res = &uni_path;
  else if (!path)
    res = NULL;
  else
    {
      uni_path.Length = 0;
      uni_path.MaximumLength = (strlen (path) + 10) * sizeof (WCHAR);
      wide_path = (PWCHAR) cmalloc_abort (HEAP_STR, uni_path.MaximumLength);
      uni_path.Buffer = wide_path;
      ::get_nt_native_path (path, uni_path, has_dos_filenames_only ());
      res = &uni_path;
    }
  return res;
}

PWCHAR
path_conv::get_wide_win32_path (PWCHAR wc)
{
  get_nt_native_path ();
  if (!wide_path)
    return NULL;
  wcpcpy (wc, wide_path);
  if (wc[1] == L'?')
    wc[1] = L'\\';
  return wc;
}

void
warn_msdos (const char *src)
{
  if (user_shared->warned_msdos || !dos_file_warning || !cygwin_finished_initializing)
    return;
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  char *posix_path = tp.c_get ();
  small_printf ("cygwin warning:\n");
  if (cygwin_conv_path (CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX | CCP_RELATIVE, src,
			posix_path, NT_MAX_PATH))
    small_printf ("  MS-DOS style path detected: %ls\n  POSIX equivalent preferred.\n",
		  src);
  else
    small_printf ("  MS-DOS style path detected: %ls\n  Preferred POSIX equivalent is: %ls\n",
		  src, posix_path);
  small_printf ("  CYGWIN environment variable option \"nodosfilewarning\" turns off this warning.\n"
		"  Consult the user's guide for more details about POSIX paths:\n"
		"    http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using.html#using-pathnames\n");
  user_shared->warned_msdos = true;
}

static DWORD
getfileattr (const char *path, bool caseinsensitive) /* path has to be always absolute. */
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  UNICODE_STRING upath;
  OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES attr;
  FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION fbi;
  NTSTATUS status;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;

  tp.u_get (&upath);
  InitializeObjectAttributes (&attr, &upath,
			      caseinsensitive ? OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE : 0,
			      NULL, NULL);
  get_nt_native_path (path, upath, false);

  status = NtQueryAttributesFile (&attr, &fbi);
  if (NT_SUCCESS (status))
    return fbi.FileAttributes;

  if (status != STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND
      && status != STATUS_NO_SUCH_FILE) /* File not found on 9x share */
    {
      /* File exists but access denied.  Try to get attribute through
	 directory query. */
      UNICODE_STRING dirname, basename;
      HANDLE dir;
      FILE_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION fdi;

      RtlSplitUnicodePath (&upath, &dirname, &basename);
      InitializeObjectAttributes (&attr, &dirname,
				  caseinsensitive ? OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE : 0,
				  NULL, NULL);
      status = NtOpenFile (&dir, SYNCHRONIZE | FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,
			   &attr, &io, FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
			   FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
			   | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT
			   | FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE);
      if (NT_SUCCESS (status))
	{
	  status = NtQueryDirectoryFile (dir, NULL, NULL, 0, &io,
					 &fdi, sizeof fdi,
					 FileBothDirectoryInformation,
					 TRUE, &basename, TRUE);
	  NtClose (dir);
	  if (NT_SUCCESS (status) || status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
	    return fdi.FileAttributes;
	}
    }
  SetLastError (RtlNtStatusToDosError (status));
  return INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
}

/* Convert an arbitrary path SRC to a pure Win32 path, suitable for
   passing to Win32 API routines.

   If an error occurs, `error' is set to the errno value.
   Otherwise it is set to 0.

   follow_mode values:
	SYMLINK_FOLLOW	    - convert to PATH symlink points to
	SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW    - convert to PATH of symlink itself
	SYMLINK_IGNORE	    - do not check PATH for symlinks
	SYMLINK_CONTENTS    - just return symlink contents
*/

/* TODO: This implementation is only preliminary.  For internal
   purposes it's necessary to have a path_conv::check function which
   takes a UNICODE_STRING src path, otherwise we waste a lot of time
   for converting back and forth.  The below implementation does
   realy nothing but converting to char *, until path_conv handles
   wide-char paths directly. */
void
path_conv::check (const UNICODE_STRING *src, unsigned opt,
		  const suffix_info *suffixes)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  char *path = tp.c_get ();

  user_shared->warned_msdos = true;
  sys_wcstombs (path, NT_MAX_PATH, src->Buffer, src->Length / sizeof (WCHAR));
  path_conv::check (path, opt, suffixes);
}

void
path_conv::check (const char *src, unsigned opt,
		  const suffix_info *suffixes)
{
  /* The tmp_buf array is used when expanding symlinks.  It is NT_MAX_PATH * 2
     in length so that we can hold the expanded symlink plus a trailer.  */
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  char *path_copy = tp.c_get ();
  char *pathbuf = tp.c_get ();
  char *tmp_buf = tp.t_get ();
  char *THIS_path = tp.c_get ();
  symlink_info sym;
  bool need_directory = 0;
  bool saw_symlinks = 0;
  bool add_ext = false;
  bool is_relpath;
  char *tail, *path_end;

#if 0
  static path_conv last_path_conv;
  static char last_src[CYG_MAX_PATH];

  if (*last_src && strcmp (last_src, src) == 0)
    {
      *this = last_path_conv;
      return;
    }
#endif

  myfault efault;
  if (efault.faulted ())
    {
      error = EFAULT;
      return;
    }
  int loop = 0;
  path_flags = 0;
  known_suffix = NULL;
  fileattr = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
  caseinsensitive = OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE;
  if (wide_path)
    cfree (wide_path);
  wide_path = NULL;
  if (path)
    {
      cfree (modifiable_path ());
      path = NULL;
    }
  close_conv_handle ();
  memset (&dev, 0, sizeof (dev));
  fs.clear ();
  if (normalized_path)
    {
      cfree ((void *) normalized_path);
      normalized_path = NULL;
    }
  int component = 0;		// Number of translated components

  if (!(opt & PC_NULLEMPTY))
    error = 0;
  else if (!*src)
    {
      error = ENOENT;
      return;
    }

  bool is_msdos = false;
  /* This loop handles symlink expansion.  */
  for (;;)
    {
      MALLOC_CHECK;
      assert (src);

      is_relpath = !isabspath (src);
      error = normalize_posix_path (src, path_copy, tail);
      if (error > 0)
	return;
      if (error < 0)
	{
	  if (component == 0)
	    is_msdos = true;
	  error = 0;
	}

      /* Detect if the user was looking for a directory.  We have to strip the
	 trailing slash initially while trying to add extensions but take it
	 into account during processing */
      if (tail > path_copy + 2 && isslash (tail[-1]))
	{
	  need_directory = 1;
	  *--tail = '\0';
	}
      path_end = tail;

      /* Scan path_copy from right to left looking either for a symlink
	 or an actual existing file.  If an existing file is found, just
	 return.  If a symlink is found, exit the for loop.
	 Also: be careful to preserve the errno returned from
	 symlink.check as the caller may need it. */
      /* FIXME: Do we have to worry about multiple \'s here? */
      component = 0;		// Number of translated components
      sym.contents[0] = '\0';

      int symlen = 0;

      for (unsigned pflags_or = opt & (PC_NO_ACCESS_CHECK | PC_KEEP_HANDLE);
	   ;
	   pflags_or = 0)
	{
	  const suffix_info *suff;
	  char *full_path;

	  /* Don't allow symlink.check to set anything in the path_conv
	     class if we're working on an inner component of the path */
	  if (component)
	    {
	      suff = NULL;
	      full_path = pathbuf;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      suff = suffixes;
	      full_path = THIS_path;
	    }

	  /* Convert to native path spec sans symbolic link info. */
	  error = mount_table->conv_to_win32_path (path_copy, full_path, dev,
						   &sym.pflags);

	  if (error)
	    return;

	  sym.pflags |= pflags_or;

	  if (!dev.exists ())
	    {
	      error = ENXIO;
	      return;
	    }

	  if (iscygdrive_dev (dev))
	    {
	      if (!component)
		fileattr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
	      else
		{
		  fileattr = getfileattr (THIS_path,
					  sym.pflags & MOUNT_NOPOSIX);
		  dev = FH_FS;
		}
	      goto out;
	    }
	  else if (isdev_dev (dev))
	    {
	      /* Just make sure that the path handling goes on as with FH_FS. */
	    }
	  else if (isvirtual_dev (dev))
	    {
	      /* FIXME: Calling build_fhandler here is not the right way to handle this. */
	      fhandler_virtual *fh = (fhandler_virtual *) build_fh_dev (dev, path_copy);
	      virtual_ftype_t file_type;
	      if (!fh)
		file_type = virt_none;
	      else
		{
		  file_type = fh->exists ();
		  if (file_type == virt_symlink)
		    {
		      fh->fill_filebuf ();
		      symlen = sym.set (fh->get_filebuf ());
		    }
		  delete fh;
		}
	      switch (file_type)
		{
		  case virt_directory:
		  case virt_rootdir:
		    if (component == 0)
		      fileattr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
		    break;
		  case virt_file:
		    if (component == 0)
		      fileattr = 0;
		    break;
		  case virt_symlink:
		    goto is_virtual_symlink;
		  case virt_pipe:
		    if (component == 0)
		      {
			fileattr = 0;
			dev.parse (FH_PIPE);
		      }
		    break;
		  case virt_socket:
		    if (component == 0)
		      {
			fileattr = 0;
			dev.parse (FH_TCP);
		      }
		    break;
		  case virt_fsdir:
		  case virt_fsfile:
		    /* Access to real file or directory via block device
		       entry in /proc/sys.  Convert to real file and go with
		       the flow. */
		    dev.parse (FH_FS);
		    goto is_fs_via_procsys;
		  case virt_blk:
		    /* Block special device.  If the trailing slash has been
		       requested, the target is the root directory of the
		       filesystem on this block device.  So we convert this to
		       a real file and attach the backslash. */
		    if (component == 0 && need_directory)
		      {
			dev.parse (FH_FS);
			strcat (full_path, "\\");
			fileattr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
				   | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE;
			goto out;
		      }
		    /*FALLTHRU*/
		  case virt_chr:
		    if (component == 0)
		      fileattr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE;
		    break;
		  default:
		    if (component == 0)
		      fileattr = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
		    goto virtual_component_retry;
		}
	      if (component == 0 || dev != FH_NETDRIVE)
		path_flags |= PATH_RO;
	      goto out;
	    }
	  /* devn should not be a device.  If it is, then stop parsing now. */
	  else if (dev != FH_FS)
	    {
	      fileattr = 0;
	      path_flags = sym.pflags;
	      if (component)
		{
		  error = ENOTDIR;
		  return;
		}
	      goto out;		/* Found a device.  Stop parsing. */
	    }

	  /* If path is only a drivename, Windows interprets it as the
	     current working directory on this drive instead of the root
	     dir which is what we want. So we need the trailing backslash
	     in this case. */
	  if (full_path[0] && full_path[1] == ':' && full_path[2] == '\0')
	    {
	      full_path[2] = '\\';
	      full_path[3] = '\0';
	    }

	  /* If the incoming path was given in DOS notation, always treat
	     it as caseinsensitive,noacl path.  This must be set before
	     calling sym.check, otherwise the path is potentially treated
	     casesensitive. */
	  if (is_msdos)
	    sym.pflags |= PATH_NOPOSIX | PATH_NOACL;

is_fs_via_procsys:

	  symlen = sym.check (full_path, suff, fs, conv_handle);

is_virtual_symlink:

	  if (sym.isdevice)
	    {
	      if (component)
		{
		  error = ENOTDIR;
		  return;
		}
	      dev.parse (sym.major, sym.minor);
	      dev.setfs (1);
	      dev.mode = sym.mode;
	      fileattr = sym.fileattr;
	      goto out;
	    }

	  if (sym.pflags & PATH_SOCKET)
	    {
	      if (component)
		{
		  error = ENOTDIR;
		  return;
		}
	      fileattr = sym.fileattr;
	      dev.parse (FH_UNIX);
	      dev.setfs (1);
	      goto out;
	    }

	  if (!component)
	    {
	      /* Make sure that /dev always exists. */
	      fileattr = isdev_dev (dev) ? FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
					 : sym.fileattr;
	      path_flags = sym.pflags;
	    }
	  else if (isdev_dev (dev))
	    {
	      /* If we're looking for a file below /dev, which doesn't exist,
		 make sure that the device type is converted to FH_FS, so that
		 subsequent code handles the file correctly.
		 Unless /dev itself doesn't exist on disk.  In that case /dev
		 is handled as virtual filesystem, and virtual filesystems are
		 read-only.  The PC_KEEP_HANDLE check allows to check for
		 a call from an informational system call.  In that case we
		 just stick to ENOENT, and the device type doesn't matter
		 anyway. */
	      if (sym.error == ENOENT && !(opt & PC_KEEP_HANDLE))
		sym.error = EROFS;
	      else
		dev = FH_FS;
	    }

	  /* If symlink.check found an existing non-symlink file, then
	     it sets the appropriate flag.  It also sets any suffix found
	     into `ext_here'. */
	  if (!sym.issymlink && sym.fileattr != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
	    {
	      error = sym.error;
	      if (component == 0)
		add_ext = true;
	      else if (!(sym.fileattr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
		{
		  error = ENOTDIR;
		  goto out;
		}
	      goto out;	// file found
	    }
	  /* Found a symlink if symlen > 0.  If component == 0, then the
	     src path itself was a symlink.  If !follow_mode then
	     we're done.  Otherwise we have to insert the path found
	     into the full path that we are building and perform all of
	     these operations again on the newly derived path. */
	  else if (symlen > 0)
	    {
	      saw_symlinks = 1;
	      if (component == 0 && !need_directory
		  && (!(opt & PC_SYM_FOLLOW)
		      || (is_rep_symlink () && (opt & PC_SYM_NOFOLLOW_REP))))
		{
		  set_symlink (symlen); // last component of path is a symlink.
		  if (opt & PC_SYM_CONTENTS)
		    {
		      strcpy (THIS_path, sym.contents);
		      goto out;
		    }
		  add_ext = true;
		  goto out;
		}
	      /* Following a symlink we can't trust the collected filesystem
		 information any longer. */
	      fs.clear ();
	      /* Close handle, if we have any.  Otherwise we're collecting
		 handles while following symlinks. */
	      conv_handle.close ();
	      break;
	    }
	  else if (sym.error && sym.error != ENOENT)
	    {
	      error = sym.error;
	      goto out;
	    }
	  /* No existing file found. */

virtual_component_retry:
	  /* Find the new "tail" of the path, e.g. in '/for/bar/baz',
	     /baz is the tail. */
	  if (tail != path_end)
	    *tail = '/';
	  while (--tail > path_copy + 1 && *tail != '/') {}
	  /* Exit loop if there is no tail or we are at the
	     beginning of a UNC path */
	  if (tail <= path_copy + 1)
	    goto out;	// all done

	  /* Haven't found an existing pathname component yet.
	     Pinch off the tail and try again. */
	  *tail = '\0';
	  component++;
	}

      /* Arrive here if above loop detected a symlink. */
      if (++loop > SYMLOOP_MAX)
	{
	  error = ELOOP;   // Eep.
	  return;
	}

      MALLOC_CHECK;


      /* Place the link content, possibly with head and/or tail, in tmp_buf */

      char *headptr;
      if (isabspath (sym.contents))
	headptr = tmp_buf;	/* absolute path */
      else
	{
	  /* Copy the first part of the path (with ending /) and point to the end. */
	  char *prevtail = tail;
	  while (--prevtail > path_copy  && *prevtail != '/') {}
	  int headlen = prevtail - path_copy + 1;;
	  memcpy (tmp_buf, path_copy, headlen);
	  headptr = &tmp_buf[headlen];
	}

      /* Make sure there is enough space */
      if (headptr + symlen >= tmp_buf + (2 * NT_MAX_PATH))
	{
	too_long:
	  error = ENAMETOOLONG;
	  set_path ("::ENAMETOOLONG::");
	  return;
	}

     /* Copy the symlink contents to the end of tmp_buf.
	Convert slashes. */
      for (char *p = sym.contents; *p; p++)
	*headptr++ = *p == '\\' ? '/' : *p;
      *headptr = '\0';

      /* Copy any tail component (with the 0) */
      if (tail++ < path_end)
	{
	  /* Add a slash if needed. There is space. */
	  if (*(headptr - 1) != '/')
	    *headptr++ = '/';
	  int taillen = path_end - tail + 1;
	  if (headptr + taillen > tmp_buf + (2 * NT_MAX_PATH))
	    goto too_long;
	  memcpy (headptr, tail, taillen);
	}

      /* Evaluate everything all over again. */
      src = tmp_buf;
    }

  if (!(opt & PC_SYM_CONTENTS))
    add_ext = true;

out:
  set_path (THIS_path);
  if (add_ext)
    add_ext_from_sym (sym);
  if (dev == FH_NETDRIVE && component)
    {
      /* This case indicates a non-existant resp. a non-retrievable
	 share.  This happens for instance if the share is a printer.
	 In this case the path must not be treated like a FH_NETDRIVE,
	 but like a FH_FS instead, so the usual open call for files
	 is used on it. */
      dev.parse (FH_FS);
    }
  else if (isproc_dev (dev) && fileattr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
    {
      /* FIXME: Usually we don't set error to ENOENT if a file doesn't
	 exist.  This is typically indicated by the fileattr content.
	 So, why here?  The downside is that cygwin_conv_path just gets
	 an error for these paths so it reports the error back to the
	 application.  Unlike in all other cases of non-existant files,
	 for which check doesn't set error, so cygwin_conv_path just
	 returns the path, as intended. */
      error = ENOENT;
      return;
    }
  else if (!need_directory || error)
    /* nothing to do */;
  else if (fileattr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
    strcat (modifiable_path (), "\\"); /* Reattach trailing dirsep in native path. */
  else if (fileattr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
    path_flags &= ~PATH_SYMLINK;
  else
    {
      debug_printf ("%s is a non-directory", path);
      error = ENOTDIR;
      return;
    }

  if (dev.isfs ())
    {
      if (strncmp (path, "\\\\.\\", 4))
	{
	  if (!tail || tail == path)
	    /* nothing */;
	  else if (tail[-1] != '\\')
	    *tail = '\0';
	  else
	    {
	      error = ENOENT;
	      return;
	    }
	}

      /* If FS hasn't been checked already in symlink_info::check, do so now. */
      if (fs.inited ()|| fs.update (get_nt_native_path (), NULL))
	{
	  /* Incoming DOS paths are treated like DOS paths in native
	     Windows applications.  No ACLs, just default settings. */
	  if (is_msdos)
	    fs.has_acls (false);
	  debug_printf ("this->path(%s), has_acls(%d)", path, fs.has_acls ());
	  /* CV: We could use this->has_acls() but I want to make sure that
	     we don't forget that the PATH_NOACL flag must be taken into
	     account here. */
	  if (!(path_flags & PATH_NOACL) && fs.has_acls ())
	    set_exec (0);  /* We really don't know if this is executable or not here
			      but set it to not executable since it will be figured out
			      later by anything which cares about this. */
	}
      /* If the FS has been found to have unrelibale inodes, note
	 that in path_flags. */
      if (!fs.hasgood_inode ())
	path_flags |= PATH_IHASH;
      /* If the OS is caseinsensitive or the FS is caseinsensitive,
	 don't handle path casesensitive. */
      if (cygwin_shared->obcaseinsensitive || fs.caseinsensitive ())
	path_flags |= PATH_NOPOSIX;
      caseinsensitive = (path_flags & PATH_NOPOSIX)
			? OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE : 0;
      if (exec_state () != dont_know_if_executable)
	/* ok */;
      else if (isdir ())
	set_exec (1);
      else if (issymlink () || issocket ())
	set_exec (0);
    }

  if (opt & PC_NOFULL)
    {
      if (is_relpath)
	{
	  mkrelpath (this->modifiable_path (), !!caseinsensitive);
	  /* Invalidate wide_path so that wide relpath can be created
	     in later calls to get_nt_native_path or get_wide_win32_path. */
	  if (wide_path)
	    cfree (wide_path);
	  wide_path = NULL;
	}
      if (need_directory)
	{
	  size_t n = strlen (this->path);
	  /* Do not add trailing \ to UNC device names like \\.\a: */
	  if (this->path[n - 1] != '\\' &&
	      (strncmp (this->path, "\\\\.\\", 4) != 0))
	    {
	      this->modifiable_path ()[n] = '\\';
	      this->modifiable_path ()[n + 1] = '\0';
	    }
	}
    }

  if (saw_symlinks)
    set_has_symlinks ();

  if (opt & PC_OPEN)
    path_flags |= PATH_OPEN;

  if (opt & PC_CTTY)
    path_flags |= PATH_CTTY;

  if (opt & PC_POSIX)
    {
      if (tail < path_end && tail > path_copy + 1)
	*tail = '/';
      set_normalized_path (path_copy);
      if (is_msdos && !(opt & PC_NOWARN))
	warn_msdos (src);
    }

#if 0
  if (!error)
    {
      last_path_conv = *this;
      strcpy (last_src, src);
    }
#endif
}

path_conv::~path_conv ()
{
  if (normalized_path)
    {
      cfree ((void *) normalized_path);
      normalized_path = NULL;
    }
  if (path)
    {
      cfree (modifiable_path ());
      path = NULL;
    }
  if (wide_path)
    {
      cfree (wide_path);
      wide_path = NULL;
    }
  close_conv_handle ();
}

bool
path_conv::is_binary ()
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  PWCHAR bintest = tp.w_get ();
  DWORD bin;

  return GetBinaryTypeW (get_wide_win32_path (bintest), &bin)
	 && (bin == SCS_32BIT_BINARY || bin == SCS_64BIT_BINARY);
}

/* Helper function to fill the fnoi datastructure for a file. */
NTSTATUS
file_get_fnoi (HANDLE h, bool skip_network_open_inf,
	       PFILE_NETWORK_OPEN_INFORMATION pfnoi)
{
  NTSTATUS status;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;

  /* Some FSes (Netapps) don't implement FileNetworkOpenInformation. */
  status = skip_network_open_inf ? STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER
	   : NtQueryInformationFile (h, &io, pfnoi, sizeof *pfnoi,
				     FileNetworkOpenInformation);
  if (status == STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER)
    {
      /* Apart from accessing Netapps, this also occurs when accessing SMB
	 share root dirs hosted on NT4. */
      FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION fbi;
      FILE_STANDARD_INFORMATION fsi;

      status = NtQueryInformationFile (h, &io, &fbi, sizeof fbi,
				       FileBasicInformation);
      if (NT_SUCCESS (status))
	{
	  memcpy (pfnoi, &fbi, 4 * sizeof (LARGE_INTEGER));
	  if (NT_SUCCESS (NtQueryInformationFile (h, &io, &fsi,
					 sizeof fsi,
					 FileStandardInformation)))
	    {
	      pfnoi->EndOfFile.QuadPart = fsi.EndOfFile.QuadPart;
	      pfnoi->AllocationSize.QuadPart
		= fsi.AllocationSize.QuadPart;
	    }
	  else
	    pfnoi->EndOfFile.QuadPart
	      = pfnoi->AllocationSize.QuadPart = 0;
	  pfnoi->FileAttributes = fbi.FileAttributes;
	}
    }
  return status;
}

/* Normalize a Win32 path.
   /'s are converted to \'s in the process.
   All duplicate \'s, except for 2 leading \'s, are deleted.

   The result is 0 for success, or an errno error value.
   FIXME: A lot of this should be mergeable with the POSIX critter.  */
int
normalize_win32_path (const char *src, char *dst, char *&tail)
{
  const char *src_start = src;
  bool beg_src_slash = isdirsep (src[0]);

  tail = dst;
  /* Skip long path name prefixes in Win32 or NT syntax. */
  if (beg_src_slash && (src[1] == '?' || isdirsep (src[1]))
      && src[2] == '?' && isdirsep (src[3]))
    {
      src += 4;
      if (src[1] != ':') /* native UNC path */
	src += 2; /* Fortunately the first char is not copied... */
      else
	beg_src_slash = false;
    }
  if (beg_src_slash && isdirsep (src[1]))
    {
      if (isdirsep (src[2]))
	{
	  /* More than two slashes are just folded into one. */
	  src += 2;
	  while (isdirsep (src[1]))
	    ++src;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Two slashes start a network or device path. */
	  *tail++ = '\\';
	  src++;
	  if (src[1] == '.' && isdirsep (src[2]))
	    {
	      *tail++ = '\\';
	      *tail++ = '.';
	      src += 2;
	    }
	}
    }
  if (tail == dst)
    {
      if (isdrive (src))
	/* Always convert drive letter to uppercase for case sensitivity. */
	*tail++ = cyg_toupper (*src++);
      else if (*src != '/')
	{
	  if (beg_src_slash)
	    tail += cygheap->cwd.get_drive (dst);
	  else if (!cygheap->cwd.get (dst, 0))
	    return get_errno ();
	  else
	    {
	      tail = strchr (tail, '\0');
	      if (tail[-1] != '\\')
		*tail++ = '\\';
	    }
	}
    }

  while (*src)
    {
      /* Strip duplicate /'s.  */
      if (isdirsep (src[0]) && isdirsep (src[1]))
	src++;
      /* Ignore "./".  */
      else if (src[0] == '.' && isdirsep (src[1])
	       && (src == src_start || isdirsep (src[-1])))
	src += 2;

      /* Backup if "..".  */
      else if (src[0] == '.' && src[1] == '.'
	       /* dst must be greater than dst_start */
	       && tail[-1] == '\\')
	{
	  if (!isdirsep (src[2]) && src[2] != '\0')
	      *tail++ = *src++;
	  else
	    {
	      /* Back up over /, but not if it's the first one.  */
	      if (tail > dst + 1)
		tail--;
	      /* Now back up to the next /.  */
	      while (tail > dst + 1 && tail[-1] != '\\' && tail[-2] != ':')
		tail--;
	      src += 2;
	      /* Skip /'s to the next path component. */
	      while (isdirsep (*src))
		src++;
	    }
	}
      /* Otherwise, add char to result.  */
      else
	{
	  if (*src == '/')
	    *tail++ = '\\';
	  else
	    *tail++ = *src;
	  src++;
	}
      if ((tail - dst) >= NT_MAX_PATH)
	return ENAMETOOLONG;
    }
  if (tail > dst + 1 && tail[-1] == '.' && tail[-2] == '\\')
    tail--;
  *tail = '\0';
  debug_printf ("%s = normalize_win32_path (%s)", dst, src_start);
  return 0;
}

/* Various utilities.  */

/* nofinalslash: Remove trailing / and \ from SRC (except for the
   first one).  It is ok for src == dst.  */

void __reg2
nofinalslash (const char *src, char *dst)
{
  int len = strlen (src);
  if (src != dst)
    memcpy (dst, src, len + 1);
  while (len > 1 && isdirsep (dst[--len]))
    dst[len] = '\0';
}

/* conv_path_list: Convert a list of path names to/from Win32/POSIX. */

static int
conv_path_list (const char *src, char *dst, size_t size,
		cygwin_conv_path_t what)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  char src_delim, dst_delim;
  size_t len;
  bool env_cvt = false;

  if (what == (cygwin_conv_path_t) ENV_CVT)
    {
      what = CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX | CCP_RELATIVE;
      env_cvt = true;
    }
  if ((what & CCP_CONVTYPE_MASK) == CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX)
    {
      src_delim = ';';
      dst_delim = ':';
    }
  else
    {
      src_delim = ':';
      dst_delim = ';';
    }

  char *srcbuf;
  len = strlen (src) + 1;
  if (len <= NT_MAX_PATH * sizeof (WCHAR))
    srcbuf = (char *) tp.w_get ();
  else
    srcbuf = (char *) alloca (len);

  int err = 0;
  char *d = dst - 1;
  bool saw_empty = false;
  do
    {
      char *srcpath = srcbuf;
      char *s = strccpy (srcpath, &src, src_delim);
      size_t len = s - srcpath;
      if (len >= NT_MAX_PATH)
	{
	  err = ENAMETOOLONG;
	  break;
	}
      /* Paths in Win32 path lists in the environment (%Path%), are often
	 enclosed in quotes (usually paths with spaces).  Trailing backslashes
	 are common, too.  Remove them. */
      if (env_cvt && len)
	{
	  if (*srcpath == '"')
	    {
	      ++srcpath;
	      *--s = '\0';
	      len -= 2;
	    }
	  while (len && s[-1] == '\\')
	    {
	      *--s = '\0';
	      --len;
	    }
	}
      if (len)
	{
	  ++d;
	  err = cygwin_conv_path (what, srcpath, d, size - (d - dst));
	}
      else if ((what & CCP_CONVTYPE_MASK) == CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A)
	{
	  ++d;
	  err = cygwin_conv_path (what, ".", d, size - (d - dst));
	}
      else
	{
	  if (env_cvt)
	    saw_empty = true;
	  continue;
	}
      if (err)
	break;
      d = strchr (d, '\0');
      *d = dst_delim;
    }
  while (*src++);

  if (saw_empty)
    err = EIDRM;

  if (d < dst)
    d++;
  *d = '\0';
  return err;
}

/********************** Symbolic Link Support **************************/

/* Create a symlink from FROMPATH to TOPATH. */

extern "C" int
symlink (const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
{
  return symlink_worker (oldpath, newpath, false);
}

static int
symlink_nfs (const char *oldpath, path_conv &win32_newpath)
{
  /* On NFS, create symlinks by calling NtCreateFile with an EA of type
     NfsSymlinkTargetName containing ... the symlink target name. */
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  PFILE_FULL_EA_INFORMATION pffei;
  NTSTATUS status;
  HANDLE fh;
  OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES attr;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;

  pffei = (PFILE_FULL_EA_INFORMATION) tp.w_get ();
  pffei->NextEntryOffset = 0;
  pffei->Flags = 0;
  pffei->EaNameLength = sizeof (NFS_SYML_TARGET) - 1;
  char *EaValue = stpcpy (pffei->EaName, NFS_SYML_TARGET) + 1;
  pffei->EaValueLength = sizeof (WCHAR) *
    (sys_mbstowcs ((PWCHAR) EaValue, NT_MAX_PATH, oldpath) - 1);
  status = NtCreateFile (&fh, FILE_WRITE_DATA | FILE_WRITE_EA | SYNCHRONIZE,
			 win32_newpath.get_object_attr (attr, sec_none_nih),
			 &io, NULL, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM,
			 FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS, FILE_CREATE,
			 FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
			 | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT,
			 pffei, NT_MAX_PATH * sizeof (WCHAR));
  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
    {
      __seterrno_from_nt_status (status);
      return -1;
    }
  NtClose (fh);
  return 0;
}

/* Count backslashes between s and e. */
static inline int
cnt_bs (PWCHAR s, PWCHAR e)
{
  int num = 0;

  while (s < e)
    if (*s++ == L'\\')
      ++num;
  return num;
}

static int
symlink_native (const char *oldpath, path_conv &win32_newpath)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  path_conv win32_oldpath;
  PUNICODE_STRING final_oldpath, final_newpath;
  UNICODE_STRING final_oldpath_buf;

  if (isabspath (oldpath))
    {
      win32_oldpath.check (oldpath, PC_SYM_NOFOLLOW, stat_suffixes);
      final_oldpath = win32_oldpath.get_nt_native_path ();
      final_oldpath->Buffer[1] = L'\\';
    }
  else
    {
      /* The symlink target is relative to the directory in which
	 the symlink gets created, not relative to the cwd.  Therefore
	 we have to mangle the path quite a bit before calling path_conv. */
      ssize_t len = strrchr (win32_newpath.normalized_path, '/')
		    - win32_newpath.normalized_path + 1;
      char *absoldpath = tp.t_get ();
      stpcpy (stpncpy (absoldpath, win32_newpath.normalized_path, len),
	      oldpath);
      win32_oldpath.check (absoldpath, PC_SYM_NOFOLLOW, stat_suffixes);

      /* Try hard to keep Windows symlink path relative. */

      /* 1. Find common path prefix. */
      PWCHAR c_old = win32_oldpath.get_nt_native_path ()->Buffer;
      PWCHAR c_new = win32_newpath.get_nt_native_path ()->Buffer;
      /* Windows compatible == always check case insensitive. */
      while (towupper (*c_old++) == towupper (*c_new++))
	;
      /* The last component could share a common prefix, so make sure we end
         up on the first char after the last common backslash. */
      while (c_old[-1] != L'\\')
	--c_old, --c_new;

      /* 2. Check if prefix is long enough.  The prefix must at least points to
            a complete device:  \\?\X:\ or \\?\UNC\server\share\ are the minimum
	    prefix strings.  We start counting behind the \\?\ for speed. */
      int num = cnt_bs (win32_oldpath.get_nt_native_path ()->Buffer + 4, c_old);
      if (num < 1		/* locale drive. */
	  || (win32_oldpath.get_nt_native_path ()->Buffer[6] != L':'
	      && num < 3))	/* UNC path. */
	{
	  /* 3a. No valid common path prefix: Create absolute symlink. */
	  final_oldpath = win32_oldpath.get_nt_native_path ();
	  final_oldpath->Buffer[1] = L'\\';
	}
      else
	{
	  /* 3b. Common path prefx.  Count number of additional directories
		 in symlink's path, and prepend as much ".." path components
		 to the target path. */
	  PWCHAR e_new = win32_newpath.get_nt_native_path ()->Buffer
			 + win32_newpath.get_nt_native_path ()->Length
			   / sizeof (WCHAR);
	  num = cnt_bs (c_new, e_new);
	  final_oldpath = &final_oldpath_buf;
	  final_oldpath->Buffer = tp.w_get ();
	  PWCHAR e_old = final_oldpath->Buffer;
	  while (num-- > 0)
	    e_old = wcpcpy (e_old, L"..\\");
	  wcpcpy (e_old, c_old);
	}
    }
  /* If the symlink target doesn't exist, don't create native symlink.
     Otherwise the directory flag in the symlink is potentially wrong
     when the target comes into existence, and native tools will fail.
     This is so screwball. This is no problem on AFS, fortunately. */
  if (!win32_oldpath.exists () && !win32_oldpath.fs_is_afs ())
    {
      SetLastError (ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND);
      return -1;
    }
  /* Convert native path to DOS UNC path. */
  final_newpath = win32_newpath.get_nt_native_path ();
  final_newpath->Buffer[1] = L'\\';
  /* Try to create native symlink. */
  if (!CreateSymbolicLinkW (final_newpath->Buffer, final_oldpath->Buffer,
			    win32_oldpath.isdir ()
			    ? SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_DIRECTORY : 0))
    {
      /* Repair native path, we still need it. */
      final_newpath->Buffer[1] = L'?';
      return -1;
    }
  return 0;
}

int
symlink_worker (const char *oldpath, const char *newpath, bool isdevice)
{
  int res = -1;
  size_t len;
  path_conv win32_newpath;
  char *buf, *cp;
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  unsigned check_opt;
  bool has_trailing_dirsep = false;
  winsym_t wsym_type;

  /* POSIX says that empty 'newpath' is invalid input while empty
     'oldpath' is valid -- it's symlink resolver job to verify if
     symlink contents point to existing filesystem object */
  myfault efault;
  if (efault.faulted (EFAULT))
    goto done;
  if (!*oldpath || !*newpath)
    {
      set_errno (ENOENT);
      goto done;
    }

  if (strlen (oldpath) > SYMLINK_MAX)
    {
      set_errno (ENAMETOOLONG);
      goto done;
    }

  /* Trailing dirsep is a no-no. */
  len = strlen (newpath);
  has_trailing_dirsep = isdirsep (newpath[len - 1]);
  if (has_trailing_dirsep)
    {
      newpath = strdup (newpath);
      ((char *) newpath)[len - 1] = '\0';
    }

  check_opt = PC_SYM_NOFOLLOW | PC_POSIX | (isdevice ? PC_NOWARN : 0);
  /* We need the normalized full path below. */
  win32_newpath.check (newpath, check_opt, stat_suffixes);

  /* Default symlink type is determined by global allow_winsymlinks variable.
     Device files are always shortcuts. */
  wsym_type = isdevice ? WSYM_lnk : allow_winsymlinks;
  /* NFS has its own, dedicated way to create symlinks. */
  if (win32_newpath.fs_is_nfs ())
    wsym_type = WSYM_nfs;
  /* MVFS doesn't handle the SYSTEM DOS attribute, but it handles the R/O
     attribute.  Therefore we create symlinks on MVFS always as shortcuts. */
  else if (win32_newpath.fs_is_mvfs ())
    wsym_type = WSYM_lnk;
  /* AFS only supports native symlinks. */
  else if (win32_newpath.fs_is_afs ())
    {
      /* Bail out if OS doesn't support native symlinks. */
      if (wincap.max_sys_priv () < SE_CREATE_SYMBOLIC_LINK_PRIVILEGE)
	{
	  set_errno (EPERM);
	  goto done;
	}
      wsym_type = WSYM_nativestrict;
    }
  /* Don't try native symlinks on filesystems not supporting reparse points. */
  else if ((wsym_type == WSYM_native || wsym_type == WSYM_nativestrict)
	   && !(win32_newpath.fs_flags () & FILE_SUPPORTS_REPARSE_POINTS))
    wsym_type = WSYM_sysfile;

  /* Attach .lnk suffix when shortcut is requested. */
  if (wsym_type == WSYM_lnk && !win32_newpath.exists ()
      && (isdevice || !win32_newpath.fs_is_nfs ()))
    {
      char *newplnk = tp.c_get ();
      stpcpy (stpcpy (newplnk, newpath), ".lnk");
      win32_newpath.check (newplnk, check_opt);
    }

  if (win32_newpath.error)
    {
      set_errno (win32_newpath.error);
      goto done;
    }

  syscall_printf ("symlink (%s, %S) wsym_type %d", oldpath,
		  win32_newpath.get_nt_native_path (), wsym_type);

  if ((!isdevice && win32_newpath.exists ())
      || win32_newpath.is_auto_device ())
    {
      set_errno (EEXIST);
      goto done;
    }
  if (has_trailing_dirsep && !win32_newpath.exists ())
    {
      set_errno (ENOENT);
      goto done;
    }

  /* Handle NFS and native symlinks in their own functions. */
  switch (wsym_type)
    {
    case WSYM_nfs:
      res = symlink_nfs (oldpath, win32_newpath);
      goto done;
    case WSYM_native:
    case WSYM_nativestrict:
      res = symlink_native (oldpath, win32_newpath);
      if (!res)
      	goto done;
      /* Strictly native?  Too bad. */
      if (wsym_type == WSYM_nativestrict)
	{
	  __seterrno ();
	  goto done;
	}
      /* Otherwise, fall back to default symlink type. */
      wsym_type = WSYM_sysfile;
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }

  if (wsym_type == WSYM_lnk)
    {
      path_conv win32_oldpath;
      ITEMIDLIST *pidl = NULL;
      size_t full_len = 0;
      unsigned short oldpath_len, desc_len, relpath_len, pidl_len = 0;
      char desc[MAX_PATH + 1], *relpath;

      if (!isdevice)
	{
	  /* First create an IDLIST to learn how big our shortcut is
	     going to be. */
	  IShellFolder *psl;

	  /* The symlink target is relative to the directory in which
	     the symlink gets created, not relative to the cwd.  Therefore
	     we have to mangle the path quite a bit before calling path_conv. */
	  if (isabspath (oldpath))
	    win32_oldpath.check (oldpath,
				 PC_SYM_NOFOLLOW,
				 stat_suffixes);
	  else
	    {
	      len = strrchr (win32_newpath.normalized_path, '/')
		    - win32_newpath.normalized_path + 1;
	      char *absoldpath = tp.t_get ();
	      stpcpy (stpncpy (absoldpath, win32_newpath.normalized_path, len),
		      oldpath);
	      win32_oldpath.check (absoldpath, PC_SYM_NOFOLLOW, stat_suffixes);
	    }
	  if (SUCCEEDED (SHGetDesktopFolder (&psl)))
	    {
	      WCHAR wc_path[win32_oldpath.get_wide_win32_path_len () + 1];
	      win32_oldpath.get_wide_win32_path (wc_path);
	      /* Amazing but true:  Even though the ParseDisplayName method
		 takes a wide char path name, it does not understand the
		 Win32 prefix for long pathnames!  So we have to tack off
		 the prefix and convert the path to the "normal" syntax
		 for ParseDisplayName.  */
	      WCHAR *wc = wc_path + 4;
	      if (wc[1] != L':') /* native UNC path */
		*(wc += 2) = L'\\';
	      HRESULT res;
	      if (SUCCEEDED (res = psl->ParseDisplayName (NULL, NULL, wc, NULL,
						    &pidl, NULL)))
		{
		  ITEMIDLIST *p;

		  for (p = pidl; p->mkid.cb > 0;
		       p = (ITEMIDLIST *)((char *) p + p->mkid.cb))
		    ;
		  pidl_len = (char *) p - (char *) pidl + 2;
		}
	      psl->Release ();
	    }
	}
      /* Compute size of shortcut file. */
      full_len = sizeof (win_shortcut_hdr);
      if (pidl_len)
	full_len += sizeof (unsigned short) + pidl_len;
      oldpath_len = strlen (oldpath);
      /* Unfortunately the length of the description is restricted to a
	 length of 2000 bytes.  We don't want to add considerations for
	 the different lengths and even 2000 bytes is not enough for long
	 path names.  So what we do here is to set the description to the
	 POSIX path only if the path is not longer than MAX_PATH characters.
	 We append the full path name after the regular shortcut data
	 (see below), which works fine with Windows Explorer as well
	 as older Cygwin versions (as long as the whole file isn't bigger
	 than 8K).  The description field is only used for backward
	 compatibility to older Cygwin versions and those versions are
	 not capable of handling long path names anyway. */
      desc_len = stpcpy (desc, oldpath_len > MAX_PATH
			       ? "[path too long]" : oldpath) - desc;
      full_len += sizeof (unsigned short) + desc_len;
      /* Devices get the oldpath string unchanged as relative path. */
      if (isdevice)
	{
	  relpath_len = oldpath_len;
	  stpcpy (relpath = tp.c_get (), oldpath);
	}
      else
	{
	  relpath_len = strlen (win32_oldpath.get_win32 ());
	  stpcpy (relpath = tp.c_get (), win32_oldpath.get_win32 ());
	}
      full_len += sizeof (unsigned short) + relpath_len;
      full_len += sizeof (unsigned short) + oldpath_len;
      /* 1 byte more for trailing 0 written by stpcpy. */
      if (full_len < NT_MAX_PATH * sizeof (WCHAR))
	buf = tp.t_get ();
      else
	buf = (char *) alloca (full_len + 1);

      /* Create shortcut header */
      win_shortcut_hdr *shortcut_header = (win_shortcut_hdr *) buf;
      memset (shortcut_header, 0, sizeof *shortcut_header);
      shortcut_header->size = sizeof *shortcut_header;
      shortcut_header->magic = GUID_shortcut;
      shortcut_header->flags = (WSH_FLAG_DESC | WSH_FLAG_RELPATH);
      if (pidl)
	shortcut_header->flags |= WSH_FLAG_IDLIST;
      shortcut_header->run = SW_NORMAL;
      cp = buf + sizeof (win_shortcut_hdr);

      /* Create IDLIST */
      if (pidl)
	{
	  *(unsigned short *)cp = pidl_len;
	  memcpy (cp += 2, pidl, pidl_len);
	  cp += pidl_len;
	  CoTaskMemFree (pidl);
	}

      /* Create description */
      *(unsigned short *)cp = desc_len;
      cp = stpcpy (cp += 2, desc);

      /* Create relpath */
      *(unsigned short *)cp = relpath_len;
      cp = stpcpy (cp += 2, relpath);

      /* Append the POSIX path after the regular shortcut data for
	 the long path support. */
      unsigned short *plen = (unsigned short *) cp;
      cp += 2;
      *(PWCHAR) cp = 0xfeff;		/* BOM */
      cp += 2;
      *plen = sys_mbstowcs ((PWCHAR) cp, NT_MAX_PATH, oldpath) * sizeof (WCHAR);
      cp += *plen;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Default technique creating a symlink. */
      buf = tp.t_get ();
      cp = stpcpy (buf, SYMLINK_COOKIE);
      *(PWCHAR) cp = 0xfeff;		/* BOM */
      cp += 2;
      /* Note that the terminating nul is written.  */
      cp += sys_mbstowcs ((PWCHAR) cp, NT_MAX_PATH, oldpath) * sizeof (WCHAR);
    }

  OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES attr;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;
  NTSTATUS status;
  ULONG access;
  HANDLE fh;

  access = DELETE | FILE_GENERIC_WRITE;
  if (isdevice && win32_newpath.exists ())
    {
      status = NtOpenFile (&fh, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES,
			   win32_newpath.get_object_attr (attr, sec_none_nih),
			   &io, 0, FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT);
      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	{
	  __seterrno_from_nt_status (status);
	  goto done;
	}
      status = NtSetAttributesFile (fh, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL);
      NtClose (fh);
      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	{
	  __seterrno_from_nt_status (status);
	  goto done;
	}
    }
  else if (!isdevice && win32_newpath.has_acls () && !win32_newpath.isremote ())
    /* If the filesystem supports ACLs, we will overwrite the DACL after the
       call to NtCreateFile.  This requires a handle with READ_CONTROL and
       WRITE_DAC access, otherwise get_file_sd and set_file_sd both have to
       open the file again.
       FIXME: On remote NTFS shares open sometimes fails because even the
       creator of the file doesn't have the right to change the DACL.
       I don't know what setting that is or how to recognize such a share,
       so for now we don't request WRITE_DAC on remote drives. */
    access |= READ_CONTROL | WRITE_DAC;

  status = NtCreateFile (&fh, access,
			 win32_newpath.get_object_attr (attr, sec_none_nih),
			 &io, NULL, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
			 FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
			 isdevice ? FILE_OVERWRITE_IF : FILE_CREATE,
			 FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
			 | FILE_NON_DIRECTORY_FILE
			 | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT,
			 NULL, 0);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
    {
      __seterrno_from_nt_status (status);
      goto done;
    }
  if (win32_newpath.has_acls ())
    set_file_attribute (fh, win32_newpath, ILLEGAL_UID, ILLEGAL_GID,
			(io.Information == FILE_CREATED ? S_JUSTCREATED : 0)
			| S_IFLNK | STD_RBITS | STD_WBITS);
  status = NtWriteFile (fh, NULL, NULL, NULL, &io, buf, cp - buf, NULL, NULL);
  if (NT_SUCCESS (status) && io.Information == (ULONG) (cp - buf))
    {
      status = NtSetAttributesFile (fh, wsym_type == WSYM_lnk
      					? FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
					: FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM);
      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	debug_printf ("Setting attributes failed, status = %y", status);
      res = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      __seterrno_from_nt_status (status);
      FILE_DISPOSITION_INFORMATION fdi = { TRUE };
      status = NtSetInformationFile (fh, &io, &fdi, sizeof fdi,
				     FileDispositionInformation);
      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	debug_printf ("Setting delete dispostion failed, status = %y", status);
    }
  NtClose (fh);

done:
  syscall_printf ("%d = symlink_worker(%s, %s, %d)",
		  res, oldpath, newpath, isdevice);
  if (has_trailing_dirsep)
    free ((void *) newpath);
  return res;
}

static bool
cmp_shortcut_header (win_shortcut_hdr *file_header)
{
  /* A Cygwin or U/Win shortcut only contains a description and a relpath.
     Cygwin shortcuts also might contain an ITEMIDLIST. The run type is
     always set to SW_NORMAL. */
  return file_header->size == sizeof (win_shortcut_hdr)
      && !memcmp (&file_header->magic, &GUID_shortcut, sizeof GUID_shortcut)
      && (file_header->flags & ~WSH_FLAG_IDLIST)
	 == (WSH_FLAG_DESC | WSH_FLAG_RELPATH)
      && file_header->run == SW_NORMAL;
}

int
symlink_info::check_shortcut (HANDLE h)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  win_shortcut_hdr *file_header;
  char *buf, *cp;
  unsigned short len;
  int res = 0;
  NTSTATUS status;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;
  FILE_STANDARD_INFORMATION fsi;
  LARGE_INTEGER off = { QuadPart:0LL };

  status = NtQueryInformationFile (h, &io, &fsi, sizeof fsi,
				   FileStandardInformation);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
    {
      set_error (EIO);
      return 0;
    }
  if (fsi.EndOfFile.QuadPart <= (LONGLONG) sizeof (win_shortcut_hdr)
      || fsi.EndOfFile.QuadPart > 4 * 65536)
    return 0;
  if (fsi.EndOfFile.LowPart < NT_MAX_PATH * sizeof (WCHAR))
    buf = (char *) tp.w_get ();
  else
    buf = (char *) alloca (fsi.EndOfFile.LowPart + 1);
  status = NtReadFile (h, NULL, NULL, NULL, &io, buf, fsi.EndOfFile.LowPart,
		       &off, NULL);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
    {
      if (status != STATUS_END_OF_FILE)
	set_error (EIO);
      return 0;
    }
  file_header = (win_shortcut_hdr *) buf;
  if (io.Information != fsi.EndOfFile.LowPart
      || !cmp_shortcut_header (file_header))
    return 0;
  cp = buf + sizeof (win_shortcut_hdr);
  if (file_header->flags & WSH_FLAG_IDLIST) /* Skip ITEMIDLIST */
    cp += *(unsigned short *) cp + 2;
  if (!(len = *(unsigned short *) cp))
    return 0;
  cp += 2;
  /* Check if this is a device file - these start with the sequence :\\ */
  if (strncmp (cp, ":\\", 2) == 0)
    res = strlen (strcpy (contents, cp)); /* Don't mess with device files */
  else
    {
      /* Has appended full path?  If so, use it instead of description. */
      unsigned short relpath_len = *(unsigned short *) (cp + len);
      if (cp + len + 2 + relpath_len < buf + fsi.EndOfFile.LowPart)
	{
	  cp += len + 2 + relpath_len;
	  len = *(unsigned short *) cp;
	  cp += 2;
	}
      if (*(PWCHAR) cp == 0xfeff)	/* BOM */
	{
	  char *tmpbuf = tp.c_get ();
	  if (sys_wcstombs (tmpbuf, NT_MAX_PATH, (PWCHAR) (cp + 2))
	      > SYMLINK_MAX + 1)
	    return 0;
	  res = posixify (tmpbuf);
	}
      else if (len > SYMLINK_MAX)
	return 0;
      else
	{
	  cp[len] = '\0';
	  res = posixify (cp);
	}
    }
  if (res) /* It's a symlink.  */
    pflags |= PATH_SYMLINK | PATH_LNK;
  return res;
}

int
symlink_info::check_sysfile (HANDLE h)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  char cookie_buf[sizeof (SYMLINK_COOKIE) - 1];
  char *srcbuf = tp.c_get ();
  int res = 0;
  NTSTATUS status;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;
  bool interix_symlink = false;
  LARGE_INTEGER off = { QuadPart:0LL };

  status = NtReadFile (h, NULL, NULL, NULL, &io, cookie_buf,
		       sizeof (cookie_buf), &off, NULL);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
    {
      debug_printf ("ReadFile1 failed %y", status);
      if (status != STATUS_END_OF_FILE)
	set_error (EIO);
      return 0;
    }
  off.QuadPart = io.Information;
  if (io.Information == sizeof (cookie_buf)
	   && memcmp (cookie_buf, SYMLINK_COOKIE, sizeof (cookie_buf)) == 0)
    {
      /* It's a symlink.  */
      pflags |= PATH_SYMLINK;
    }
  else if (io.Information == sizeof (cookie_buf)
	   && memcmp (cookie_buf, SOCKET_COOKIE, sizeof (cookie_buf)) == 0)
    pflags |= PATH_SOCKET;
  else if (io.Information >= sizeof (INTERIX_SYMLINK_COOKIE)
	   && memcmp (cookie_buf, INTERIX_SYMLINK_COOKIE,
		      sizeof (INTERIX_SYMLINK_COOKIE) - 1) == 0)
    {
      /* It's an Interix symlink.  */
      pflags |= PATH_SYMLINK;
      interix_symlink = true;
      /* Interix symlink cookies are shorter than Cygwin symlink cookies, so
	 in case of an Interix symlink cooky we have read too far into the
	 file.  Set file pointer back to the position right after the cookie. */
      off.QuadPart = sizeof (INTERIX_SYMLINK_COOKIE) - 1;
    }
  if (pflags & PATH_SYMLINK)
    {
      status = NtReadFile (h, NULL, NULL, NULL, &io, srcbuf,
			   NT_MAX_PATH, &off, NULL);
      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	{
	  debug_printf ("ReadFile2 failed");
	  if (status != STATUS_END_OF_FILE)
	    set_error (EIO);
	}
      else if (*(PWCHAR) srcbuf == 0xfeff 	/* BOM */
	       || interix_symlink)
	{
	  /* Add trailing 0 to Interix symlink target.  Skip BOM in Cygwin
	     symlinks. */
	  if (interix_symlink)
	    ((PWCHAR) srcbuf)[io.Information / sizeof (WCHAR)] = L'\0';
	  else
	    srcbuf += 2;
	  char *tmpbuf = tp.c_get ();
	  if (sys_wcstombs (tmpbuf, NT_MAX_PATH, (PWCHAR) srcbuf)
	      > SYMLINK_MAX + 1)
	    debug_printf ("symlink string too long");
	  else
	    res = posixify (tmpbuf);
	}
      else if (io.Information > SYMLINK_MAX + 1)
	debug_printf ("symlink string too long");
      else
	res = posixify (srcbuf);
    }
  return res;
}

int
symlink_info::check_reparse_point (HANDLE h, bool remote)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  NTSTATUS status;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;
  PREPARSE_DATA_BUFFER rp = (PREPARSE_DATA_BUFFER) tp.c_get ();
  UNICODE_STRING subst;
  char srcbuf[SYMLINK_MAX + 7];

  /* On remote drives or under heavy load, NtFsControlFile can return with
     STATUS_PENDING.  If so, instead of creating an event object, just set
     io.Status to an invalid value and perform a minimal wait until io.Status
     changed. */
  memset (&io, 0xff, sizeof io);
  status = NtFsControlFile (h, NULL, NULL, NULL, &io,
			    FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT, NULL, 0, (LPVOID) rp,
			    MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
  if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
      while (io.Status == (NTSTATUS) 0xffffffff)
      	Sleep (1L);
      status = io.Status;
    }
  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
    {
      debug_printf ("NtFsControlFile(FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT) failed, %y",
		    status);
      set_error (EIO);
      return 0;
    }
  if (rp->ReparseTag == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)
    /* Windows evaluates native symlink literally.  If a remote symlink points
       to, say, C:\foo, it will be handled as if the target is the local file
       C:\foo.  That comes in handy since that's how symlinks are treated under
       POSIX as well. */
    RtlInitCountedUnicodeString (&subst,
		  (WCHAR *)((char *)rp->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.PathBuffer
			+ rp->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.SubstituteNameOffset),
		  rp->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.SubstituteNameLength);
  else if (!remote && rp->ReparseTag == IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT)
    {
      /* Don't handle junctions on remote filesystems as symlinks.  This type
	 of reparse point is handled transparently by the OS so that the
	 target of the junction is the remote directory it is supposed to
	 point to.  If we handle it as symlink, it will be mistreated as
	 pointing to a dir on the local system. */
      RtlInitCountedUnicodeString (&subst,
		  (WCHAR *)((char *)rp->MountPointReparseBuffer.PathBuffer
			  + rp->MountPointReparseBuffer.SubstituteNameOffset),
		  rp->MountPointReparseBuffer.SubstituteNameLength);
      if (RtlEqualUnicodePathPrefix (&subst, &ro_u_volume, TRUE))
	{
	  /* Volume mount point.  Not treated as symlink. The return
	     value of -1 is a hint for the caller to treat this as a
	     volume mount point. */
	  return -1;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      /* Maybe it's a reparse point, but it's certainly not one we recognize.
	 Drop REPARSE attribute so we don't try to use the flag accidentally.
	 It's just some arbitrary file or directory for us. */
      fileattr &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
      return 0;
    }
  sys_wcstombs (srcbuf, SYMLINK_MAX + 7, subst.Buffer,
		subst.Length / sizeof (WCHAR));
  pflags |= PATH_SYMLINK | PATH_REP;
  /* A symlink is never a directory. */
  fileattr &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
  return posixify (srcbuf);
}

int
symlink_info::check_nfs_symlink (HANDLE h)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  NTSTATUS status;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;
  struct {
    FILE_GET_EA_INFORMATION fgei;
    char buf[sizeof (NFS_SYML_TARGET)];
  } fgei_buf;
  PFILE_FULL_EA_INFORMATION pffei;
  int res = 0;

  /* To find out if the file is a symlink and to get the symlink target,
     try to fetch the NfsSymlinkTargetName EA. */
  fgei_buf.fgei.NextEntryOffset = 0;
  fgei_buf.fgei.EaNameLength = sizeof (NFS_SYML_TARGET) - 1;
  stpcpy (fgei_buf.fgei.EaName, NFS_SYML_TARGET);
  pffei = (PFILE_FULL_EA_INFORMATION) tp.w_get ();
  status = NtQueryEaFile (h, &io, pffei, NT_MAX_PATH * sizeof (WCHAR), TRUE,
			  &fgei_buf.fgei, sizeof fgei_buf, NULL, TRUE);
  if (NT_SUCCESS (status) && pffei->EaValueLength > 0)
    {
      PWCHAR spath = (PWCHAR)
		     (pffei->EaName + pffei->EaNameLength + 1);
      res = sys_wcstombs (contents, SYMLINK_MAX + 1,
			  spath, pffei->EaValueLength) - 1;
      pflags |= PATH_SYMLINK;
    }
  return res;
}

int
symlink_info::posixify (char *srcbuf)
{
  /* The definition for a path in a native symlink is a bit weird.  The Flags
     value seem to contain 0 for absolute paths (stored as NT native path)
     and 1 for relative paths.  Relative paths are paths not starting with a
     drive letter.  These are not converted to NT native, but stored as
     given.  A path starting with a single backslash is relative to the
     current drive thus a "relative" value (Flags == 1).
     Funny enough it's possible to store paths with slashes instead of
     backslashes, but they are evaluated incorrectly by subsequent Windows
     calls like CreateFile (ERROR_INVALID_NAME).  So, what we do here is to
     take paths starting with slashes at face value, evaluating them as
     Cygwin specific POSIX paths.
     A path starting with two slashes(!) or backslashes is converted into an
     NT UNC path.  Unfortunately, in contrast to POSIX rules, paths starting
     with three or more (back)slashes are also converted into UNC paths,
     just incorrectly sticking to one redundant leading backslash.  We go
     along with this behaviour to avoid scenarios in which native tools access
     other files than Cygwin.
     The above rules are used exactly the same way on Cygwin specific symlinks
     (sysfiles and shortcuts) to eliminate non-POSIX paths in the output. */

  /* Eliminate native NT prefixes. */
  if (srcbuf[0] == '\\' && !strncmp (srcbuf + 1, "??\\", 3))
    {
      srcbuf += 4;
      if (srcbuf[1] != ':') /* native UNC path */
	*(srcbuf += 2) = '\\';
    }
  if (isdrive (srcbuf))
    mount_table->conv_to_posix_path (srcbuf, contents, 0);
  else if (srcbuf[0] == '\\')
    {
      if (srcbuf[1] == '\\') /* UNC path */
	slashify (srcbuf, contents, 0);
      else /* Paths starting with \ are current drive relative. */
	{
	  char cvtbuf[SYMLINK_MAX + 1];

	  stpcpy (cvtbuf + cygheap->cwd.get_drive (cvtbuf), srcbuf);
	  mount_table->conv_to_posix_path (cvtbuf, contents, 0);
	}
    }
  else /* Everything else is taken as is. */
    slashify (srcbuf, contents, 0);
  return strlen (contents);
}

enum
{
  SCAN_BEG,
  SCAN_LNK,
  SCAN_HASLNK,
  SCAN_JUSTCHECK,
  SCAN_JUSTCHECKTHIS, /* Never try to append a suffix. */
  SCAN_APPENDLNK,
  SCAN_EXTRALNK,
  SCAN_DONE,
};

class suffix_scan
{
  const suffix_info *suffixes, *suffixes_start;
  int nextstate;
  char *eopath;
  size_t namelen;
public:
  const char *path;
  char *has (const char *, const suffix_info *);
  int next ();
  int lnk_match () {return nextstate >= SCAN_APPENDLNK;}
  size_t name_len () {return namelen;}
};

char *
suffix_scan::has (const char *in_path, const suffix_info *in_suffixes)
{
  nextstate = SCAN_BEG;
  suffixes = suffixes_start = in_suffixes;

  const char *fname = strrchr (in_path, '\\');
  fname = fname ? fname + 1 : in_path;
  char *ext_here = strrchr (fname, '.');
  path = in_path;
  eopath = strchr (path, '\0');

  if (!ext_here)
    goto noext;

  if (suffixes)
    {
      /* Check if the extension matches a known extension */
      for (const suffix_info *ex = in_suffixes; ex->name != NULL; ex++)
	if (ascii_strcasematch (ext_here, ex->name))
	  {
	    nextstate = SCAN_JUSTCHECK;
	    suffixes = NULL;	/* Has an extension so don't scan for one. */
	    goto done;
	  }
    }

  /* Didn't match.  Use last resort -- .lnk. */
  if (ascii_strcasematch (ext_here, ".lnk"))
    {
      nextstate = SCAN_HASLNK;
      suffixes = NULL;
    }

 noext:
  ext_here = eopath;

 done:
  namelen = eopath - fname;
  /* Avoid attaching suffixes if the resulting filename would be invalid.
     For performance reasons we don't check the length of a suffix, since
     we know that all suffixes are 4 chars in length.
     
     FIXME: This is not really correct.  A fully functional test should
            work on wide character paths.  This would probably also speed
	    up symlink_info::check. */
  if (namelen > NAME_MAX - 4)
    {
      nextstate = SCAN_JUSTCHECKTHIS;
      suffixes = NULL;
    }
  return ext_here;
}

int
suffix_scan::next ()
{
  for (;;)
    {
      if (!suffixes)
	switch (nextstate)
	  {
	  case SCAN_BEG:
	    suffixes = suffixes_start;
	    if (!suffixes)
	      {
		nextstate = SCAN_LNK;
		return 1;
	      }
	    nextstate = SCAN_EXTRALNK;
	    /* fall through to suffix checking below */
	    break;
	  case SCAN_HASLNK:
	    nextstate = SCAN_APPENDLNK;	/* Skip SCAN_BEG */
	    return 1;
	  case SCAN_EXTRALNK:
	    nextstate = SCAN_DONE;
	    *eopath = '\0';
	    return 0;
	  case SCAN_JUSTCHECK:
	    nextstate = SCAN_LNK;
	    return 1;
	  case SCAN_JUSTCHECKTHIS:
	    nextstate = SCAN_DONE;
	    return 1;
	  case SCAN_LNK:
	  case SCAN_APPENDLNK:
	    nextstate = SCAN_DONE;
	    if (namelen + (*eopath ? 8 : 4) > NAME_MAX)
	      {
		*eopath = '\0';
		return 0;
	      }
	    strcat (eopath, ".lnk");
	    return 1;
	  default:
	    *eopath = '\0';
	    return 0;
	  }

      while (suffixes && suffixes->name)
	if (nextstate == SCAN_EXTRALNK
	    && (!suffixes->addon || namelen > NAME_MAX - 8))
	  suffixes++;
	else
	  {
	    strcpy (eopath, suffixes->name);
	    if (nextstate == SCAN_EXTRALNK)
	      strcat (eopath, ".lnk");
	    suffixes++;
	    return 1;
	  }
      suffixes = NULL;
    }
}

bool
symlink_info::set_error (int in_errno)
{
  bool res;
  if (!(pflags & PATH_NO_ACCESS_CHECK) || in_errno == ENAMETOOLONG || in_errno == EIO)
    {
      error = in_errno;
      res = true;
    }
  else if (in_errno == ENOENT)
    res = true;
  else
    {
      fileattr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
      res = false;
    }
  return res;
}

bool
symlink_info::parse_device (const char *contents)
{
  char *endptr;
  _major_t mymajor;
  _major_t myminor;
  _mode_t mymode;

  mymajor = strtol (contents += 2, &endptr, 16);
  if (endptr == contents)
    return isdevice = false;

  contents = endptr;
  myminor = strtol (++contents, &endptr, 16);
  if (endptr == contents)
    return isdevice = false;

  contents = endptr;
  mymode = strtol (++contents, &endptr, 16);
  if (endptr == contents)
    return isdevice = false;

  if ((mymode & S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)
    {
      mymajor = _major (FH_FIFO);
      myminor = _minor (FH_FIFO);
    }

  major = mymajor;
  minor = myminor;
  mode = mymode;
  return isdevice = true;
}

/* Check if PATH is a symlink.  PATH must be a valid Win32 path name.

   If PATH is a symlink, put the value of the symlink--the file to
   which it points--into BUF.  The value stored in BUF is not
   necessarily null terminated.  BUFLEN is the length of BUF; only up
   to BUFLEN characters will be stored in BUF.  BUF may be NULL, in
   which case nothing will be stored.

   Set *SYML if PATH is a symlink.

   Set *EXEC if PATH appears to be executable.  This is an efficiency
   hack because we sometimes have to open the file anyhow.  *EXEC will
   not be set for every executable file.

   Return -1 on error, 0 if PATH is not a symlink, or the length
   stored into BUF if PATH is a symlink.  */

int
symlink_info::check (char *path, const suffix_info *suffixes, fs_info &fs,
		     path_conv_handle &conv_hdl)
{
  int res;
  HANDLE h;
  NTSTATUS status;
  UNICODE_STRING upath;
  OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES attr;
  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;
  suffix_scan suffix;

  const ULONG ci_flag = cygwin_shared->obcaseinsensitive
			|| (pflags & PATH_NOPOSIX) ? OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE : 0;
  /* TODO: Temporarily do all char->UNICODE conversion here.  This should
     already be slightly faster than using Ascii functions. */
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  tp.u_get (&upath);
  InitializeObjectAttributes (&attr, &upath, ci_flag, NULL, NULL);

  /* This label is used in case we encounter a FS which only handles
     DOS paths.  See below. */
  bool restarted = false;
restart:

  h = NULL;
  res = 0;
  contents[0] = '\0';
  issymlink = true;
  isdevice = false;
  major = 0;
  minor = 0;
  mode = 0;
  pflags &= ~(PATH_SYMLINK | PATH_LNK | PATH_REP);

  PVOID eabuf = &nfs_aol_ffei;
  ULONG easize = sizeof nfs_aol_ffei;

  ext_here = suffix.has (path, suffixes);
  extn = ext_here - path;
  bool had_ext = !!*ext_here;

  /* If the filename is too long, don't even try. */
  if (suffix.name_len () > NAME_MAX)
    {
      set_error (ENAMETOOLONG);
      goto file_not_symlink;
    }

  while (suffix.next ())
    {
      error = 0;
      get_nt_native_path (suffix.path, upath, pflags & PATH_DOS);
      if (h)
	{
	  NtClose (h);
	  h = NULL;
	}
      /* The EA given to NtCreateFile allows to get a handle to a symlink on
	 an NFS share, rather than getting a handle to the target of the
	 symlink (which would spoil the task of this method quite a bit).
	 Fortunately it's ignored on most other file systems so we don't have
	 to special case NFS too much. */
      status = NtCreateFile (&h,
			     READ_CONTROL | FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES | FILE_READ_EA,
			     &attr, &io, NULL, 0, FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
			     FILE_OPEN,
			     FILE_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT
			     | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT,
			     eabuf, easize);
      debug_printf ("%y = NtCreateFile (%S)", status, &upath);
      /* No right to access EAs or EAs not supported? */
      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status)
	  && (status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
	      || status == STATUS_EAS_NOT_SUPPORTED
	      || status == STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED
	      || status == STATUS_INVALID_NETWORK_RESPONSE
	      /* Or a bug in Samba 3.2.x (x <= 7) when accessing a share's
		 root dir which has EAs enabled? */
	      || status == STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER))
	{
	  /* If EAs are not supported, there's no sense to check them again
	     with suffixes attached.  So we set eabuf/easize to 0 here once. */
	  if (status == STATUS_EAS_NOT_SUPPORTED
	      || status == STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED)
	    {
	      eabuf = NULL;
	      easize = 0;
	    }
	  status = NtOpenFile (&h, READ_CONTROL | FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES,
			       &attr, &io, FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
			       FILE_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT
			       | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT);
	  debug_printf ("%y = NtOpenFile (no-EAs %S)", status, &upath);
	}
      if (status == STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND)
	{
	  if (ci_flag == 0 && wincap.has_broken_udf ()
	      && (!fs.inited () || fs.is_udf ()))
	    {
	      /* On NT 5.x UDF is broken (at least) in terms of case
		 sensitivity.  When trying to open a file case sensitive,
		 the file appears to be non-existant.  Another bug is
		 described in fs_info::update. */
	      attr.Attributes = OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE;
	      status = NtOpenFile (&h, READ_CONTROL | FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES,
				   &attr, &io, FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
				   FILE_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT
				   | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT);
	      debug_printf ("%y = NtOpenFile (broken-UDF, %S)", status, &upath);
	      attr.Attributes = 0;
	      if (NT_SUCCESS (status))
		{
		  if (!fs.inited ())
		    fs.update (&upath, h);
		  if (!fs.is_udf ())
		    {
		      NtClose (h);
		      h = NULL;
		      status = STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
		    }
		}
	    }
	  /* There are filesystems out in the wild (Netapp, NWFS, and others)
	     which are uncapable of generating pathnames outside the Win32
	     rules.  That means, filenames on these FSes must not have a
	     leading space or trailing dots and spaces.  This code snippet
	     manages them.  I really hope it's streamlined enough not to
	     slow down normal operation.  This extra check only kicks in if
	     we encountered a STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND *and* we didn't
	     already attach a suffix *and* the above special case for UDF
	     on XP didn't succeeed. */
	  if (!restarted && !*ext_here && !(pflags & PATH_DOS) && !fs.inited ())
	    {
	      /* Check for trailing dot or space or leading space in
		 last component. */
	      char *p = ext_here - 1;
	      if (*p != '.' && *p != ' ')
		{
		  while (*--p != '\\')
		    ;
		  if (*++p != ' ')
		    p = NULL;
		}
	      if (p)
		{
		  /* If so, check if file resides on one of the known broken
		     FSes only supporting filenames following DOS rules. */
		  if (!fs.inited ())
		    fs.update (&upath, NULL);
		  if (fs.has_dos_filenames_only ())
		    {
		      /* If so, try again.  Since we now know the FS, the
			 filenames will be tweaked to follow DOS rules via the
			 third parameter in the call to get_nt_native_path. */
		      pflags |= PATH_DOS;
		      restarted = true;
		      goto restart;
		    }
		}
	    }
	}
      else if (status == STATUS_NETWORK_OPEN_RESTRICTION
	       || status == STATUS_SYMLINK_CLASS_DISABLED)
	{
	  /* These status codes are returned if you try to open a native
	     symlink and the usage of this kind of symlink is forbidden
	     (see fsutil).  Since we can't open them at all, not even for
	     stat purposes, we have to return a POSIX error code which is
	     at least a bit helpful.

	     Additionally Windows 8 introduces a bug in NFS: If you have
	     a symlink to a directory, with symlinks underneath, resolving
	     the second level of symlinks fails if remote->remote symlinks
	     are disabled in fsutil.  Unfortunately that's the default. */
	  set_error (ELOOP);
	  break;
	}

      if (NT_SUCCESS (status)
	  /* Check file system while we're having the file open anyway.
	     This speeds up path_conv noticably (~10%). */
	  && (fs.inited () || fs.update (&upath, h)))
	{
	  if (fs.is_nfs ())
	    {
	      status = nfs_fetch_fattr3 (h, conv_hdl.nfsattr ());
	      if (NT_SUCCESS (status))
		fileattr = ((conv_hdl.nfsattr ()->type & 7) == NF3DIR)
			    ? FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY : 0;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      status = file_get_fnoi (h, fs.is_netapp (), conv_hdl.fnoi ());
	      if (NT_SUCCESS (status))
		fileattr = conv_hdl.fnoi ()->FileAttributes;
	    }
	}
      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	{
	  debug_printf ("%y = NtQueryInformationFile (%S)", status, &upath);
	  fileattr = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;

	  /* One of the inner path components is invalid, or the path contains
	     invalid characters.  Bail out with ENOENT.

	     Note that additional STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_INVALID and
	     STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_SYNTAX_BAD status codes exist.  The first one
	     is seemingly not generated by NtQueryInformationFile, the latter
	     is only generated if the path is no absolute path within the
	     NT name space, which should not happen and would point to an
	     error in get_nt_native_path.  Both status codes are deliberately
	     not tested here unless proved necessary. */
	  if (status == STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_NOT_FOUND
	      || status == STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_INVALID
	      || status == STATUS_BAD_NETWORK_PATH
	      || status == STATUS_BAD_NETWORK_NAME
	      || status == STATUS_NO_MEDIA_IN_DEVICE)
	    {
	      set_error (ENOENT);
	      goto file_not_symlink;
	    }
	  if (status != STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND
	      && status != STATUS_NO_SUCH_FILE) /* ENOENT on NFS or 9x share */
	    {
	      /* The file exists, but the user can't access it for one reason
		 or the other.  To get the file attributes we try to access the
		 information by opening the parent directory and getting the
		 file attributes using a matching NtQueryDirectoryFile call. */
	      UNICODE_STRING dirname, basename;
	      OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES dattr;
	      HANDLE dir;
	      struct {
		FILE_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION fdi;
		WCHAR dummy_buf[NAME_MAX + 1];
	      } fdi_buf;

	      RtlSplitUnicodePath (&upath, &dirname, &basename);
	      InitializeObjectAttributes (&dattr, &dirname, ci_flag,
					  NULL, NULL);
	      status = NtOpenFile (&dir, SYNCHRONIZE | FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,
				   &dattr, &io, FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
				   FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
				   | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT
				   | FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE);
	      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
		{
		  debug_printf ("%y = NtOpenFile(%S)", status, &dirname);
		  /* There's a special case if the file is itself the root
		     of a drive which is not accessible by the current user.
		     This case is only recognized by the length of the
		     basename part.  If it's 0, the incoming file is the
		     root of a drive.  So we at least know it's a directory. */
		  fileattr = basename.Length ? 0 : FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
		}
	      else
		{
		  status = NtQueryDirectoryFile (dir, NULL, NULL, NULL, &io,
						 &fdi_buf, sizeof fdi_buf,
						 FileBothDirectoryInformation,
						 TRUE, &basename, TRUE);
		  /* Take the opportunity to check file system while we're
		     having the handle to the parent dir. */
		  fs.update (&upath, dir);
		  NtClose (dir);
		  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
		    {
		      debug_printf ("%y = NtQueryDirectoryFile(%S)",
				    status, &dirname);
		      if (status == STATUS_NO_SUCH_FILE)
			{
			  /* This can happen when trying to access files
			     which match DOS device names on SMB shares.
			     NtOpenFile failed with STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED,
			     but the NtQueryDirectoryFile tells us the
			     file doesn't exist.  We're suspicious in this
			     case and retry with the next suffix instead of
			     just giving up. */
			  set_error (ENOENT);
			  continue;
			}
		      fileattr = 0;
		    }
		  else
		    {
		      PFILE_NETWORK_OPEN_INFORMATION pfnoi = conv_hdl.fnoi ();

		      fileattr = fdi_buf.fdi.FileAttributes;
		      memcpy (pfnoi, &fdi_buf.fdi.CreationTime, sizeof *pfnoi);
		      /* Amazing, but true:  The FILE_NETWORK_OPEN_INFORMATION
			 structure has the AllocationSize and EndOfFile members
			 interchanged relative to the directory information
			 classes. */
		      pfnoi->AllocationSize.QuadPart
			= fdi_buf.fdi.AllocationSize.QuadPart;
		      pfnoi->EndOfFile.QuadPart
			= fdi_buf.fdi.EndOfFile.QuadPart;
		    }
		}
	      ext_tacked_on = !!*ext_here;
	      goto file_not_symlink;
	    }
	  set_error (ENOENT);
	  continue;
	}

      ext_tacked_on = !!*ext_here;
      /* Don't allow to returns directories with appended suffix.  If we found
	 a directory with a suffix which has been appended here, then this
	 directory doesn't match the request.  So, just do as usual if file
	 hasn't been found. */
      if (ext_tacked_on && !had_ext && (fileattr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
	{
	  set_error (ENOENT);
	  continue;
	}

      res = -1;

      /* Reparse points are potentially symlinks.  This check must be
	 performed before checking the SYSTEM attribute for sysfile
	 symlinks, since reparse points can have this flag set, too.
	 For instance, Vista starts to create a couple of reparse points
	 with SYSTEM and HIDDEN flags set. */
      if ((fileattr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT))
	{
	  res = check_reparse_point (h, fs.is_remote_drive ());
	  if (res > 0)
	    {
	      /* A symlink is never a directory. */
	      conv_hdl.fnoi ()->FileAttributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
	      break;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* Volume moint point or unrecognized reparse point type.
		 Make sure the open handle is not used in later stat calls.
		 The handle has been opened with the FILE_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT
		 flag, so it's a handle to the reparse point, not a handle
		 to the volumes root dir. */
	      pflags &= ~PC_KEEP_HANDLE;
	      /* Volume mount point:  The filesystem information for the top
		 level directory should be for the volume top level directory,
		 rather than for the reparse point itself.  So we fetch the
		 filesystem information again, but with a NULL handle.
		 This does what we want because fs_info::update opens the
		 handle without FILE_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT. */
	      if (res == -1)
		fs.update (&upath, NULL);
	    }
	}

      /* Windows shortcuts are potentially treated as symlinks.  Valid Cygwin
	 & U/WIN shortcuts are R/O, but definitely not directories. */
      else if ((fileattr & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
	  == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY && suffix.lnk_match ())
	{
	  HANDLE sym_h;

	  status = NtOpenFile (&sym_h, SYNCHRONIZE | GENERIC_READ, &attr, &io,
			       FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
			       FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT
			       | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT);
	  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	    res = 0;
	  else
	    {
	      res = check_shortcut (sym_h);
	      NtClose (sym_h);
	    }
	  if (!res)
	    {
	      /* If searching for `foo' and then finding a `foo.lnk' which
		 is no shortcut, return the same as if file not found. */
	      if (ext_tacked_on)
		{
		  fileattr = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
		  set_error (ENOENT);
		  continue;
		}
	    }
	  else if (contents[0] != ':' || contents[1] != '\\'
		   || !parse_device (contents))
	    break;
	}

      /* If searching for `foo' and then finding a `foo.lnk' which is
	 no shortcut, return the same as if file not found. */
      else if (suffix.lnk_match () && ext_tacked_on)
	{
	  fileattr = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
	  set_error (ENOENT);
	  continue;
	}

      /* This is the old Cygwin method creating symlinks.  A symlink will
	 have the `system' file attribute.  Only files can be symlinks
	 (which can be symlinks to directories). */
      else if ((fileattr & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
	       == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM)
	{
	  HANDLE sym_h;

	  status = NtOpenFile (&sym_h, SYNCHRONIZE | GENERIC_READ, &attr, &io,
			       FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
			       FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT
			       | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT);

	  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	    res = 0;
	  else
	    {
	      res = check_sysfile (sym_h);
	      NtClose (sym_h);
	    }
	  if (res)
	    break;
	}

      /* If the file is on an NFS share and could be opened with extended
	 attributes, check if it's a symlink.  Only files can be symlinks
	 (which can be symlinks to directories). */
      else if (fs.is_nfs () && (conv_hdl.nfsattr ()->type & 7) == NF3LNK)
	{
	  res = check_nfs_symlink (h);
	  if (res)
	    break;
	}

    /* Normal file. */
    file_not_symlink:
      issymlink = false;
      syscall_printf ("%s", isdevice ? "is a device" : "not a symlink");
      res = 0;
      break;
    }

  if (h)
    {
      if (pflags & PC_KEEP_HANDLE)
	conv_hdl.set (h);
      else
	NtClose (h);
    }

  syscall_printf ("%d = symlink.check(%s, %p) (%y)",
		  res, suffix.path, contents, pflags);
  return res;
}

/* "path" is the path in a virtual symlink.  Set a symlink_info struct from
   that and proceed with further path checking afterwards. */
int
symlink_info::set (char *path)
{
  strcpy (contents, path);
  pflags = PATH_SYMLINK;
  fileattr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
  error = 0;
  issymlink = true;
  isdevice = false;
  ext_tacked_on = false;
  ext_here = NULL;
  extn = major = minor = mode = 0;
  return strlen (path);
}

/* readlink system call */

extern "C" ssize_t
readlink (const char *path, char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
  if (buflen < 0)
    {
      set_errno (ENAMETOOLONG);
      return -1;
    }

  path_conv pathbuf (path, PC_SYM_CONTENTS, stat_suffixes);

  if (pathbuf.error)
    {
      set_errno (pathbuf.error);
      syscall_printf ("-1 = readlink (%s, %p, %lu)", path, buf, buflen);
      return -1;
    }

  if (!pathbuf.exists ())
    {
      set_errno (ENOENT);
      return -1;
    }

  if (!pathbuf.issymlink ())
    {
      if (pathbuf.exists ())
	set_errno (EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }

  size_t pathbuf_len = strlen (pathbuf.get_win32 ());
  ssize_t len = MIN (buflen, pathbuf_len);
  memcpy (buf, pathbuf.get_win32 (), len);

  /* errno set by symlink.check if error */
  return len;
}

/* Some programs rely on st_dev/st_ino being unique for each file.
   Hash the path name and hope for the best.  The hash arg is not
   always initialized to zero since readdir needs to compute the
   dirent ino_t based on a combination of the hash of the directory
   done during the opendir call and the hash or the filename within
   the directory.  FIXME: Not bullet-proof. */
/* Cygwin internal */
ino_t __reg2
hash_path_name (ino_t hash, PUNICODE_STRING name)
{
  if (name->Length == 0)
    return hash;

  /* Build up hash. Name is already normalized */
  USHORT len = name->Length / sizeof (WCHAR);
  for (USHORT idx = 0; idx < len; ++idx)
    hash = RtlUpcaseUnicodeChar (name->Buffer[idx])
	   + (hash << 6) + (hash << 16) - hash;
  return hash;
}

ino_t __reg2
hash_path_name (ino_t hash, PCWSTR name)
{
  UNICODE_STRING uname;
  RtlInitUnicodeString (&uname, name);
  return hash_path_name (hash, &uname);
}

ino_t __reg2
hash_path_name (ino_t hash, const char *name)
{
  UNICODE_STRING uname;
  RtlCreateUnicodeStringFromAsciiz (&uname, name);
  ino_t ret = hash_path_name (hash, &uname);
  RtlFreeUnicodeString (&uname);
  return ret;
}

extern "C" char *
getcwd (char *buf, size_t ulen)
{
  char* res = NULL;
  myfault efault;
  if (efault.faulted (EFAULT))
      /* errno set */;
  else if (ulen == 0 && buf)
    set_errno (EINVAL);
  else
    res = cygheap->cwd.get (buf, 1, 1, ulen);
  return res;
}

/* getwd: Legacy. */
extern "C" char *
getwd (char *buf)
{
  return getcwd (buf, PATH_MAX + 1);  /*Per SuSv3!*/
}

extern "C" char *
get_current_dir_name (void)
{
  const char *pwd = getenv ("PWD");
  char *cwd = getcwd (NULL, 0);
  struct stat pwdbuf, cwdbuf;

  if (pwd && strcmp (pwd, cwd) != 0
      && stat64 (pwd, &pwdbuf) == 0
      && stat64 (cwd, &cwdbuf) == 0
      && pwdbuf.st_dev == cwdbuf.st_dev
      && pwdbuf.st_ino == cwdbuf.st_ino)
    {
      cwd = (char *) realloc (cwd, strlen (pwd) + 1);
      strcpy (cwd, pwd);
    }

  return cwd;
}

/* chdir: POSIX 5.2.1.1 */
extern "C" int
chdir (const char *in_dir)
{
  myfault efault;
  if (efault.faulted (EFAULT))
    return -1;
  if (!*in_dir)
    {
      set_errno (ENOENT);
      return -1;
    }

  syscall_printf ("dir '%s'", in_dir);

  /* Convert path.  First argument ensures that we don't check for NULL/empty/invalid
     again. */
  path_conv path (PC_NONULLEMPTY, in_dir, PC_SYM_FOLLOW | PC_POSIX);
  if (path.error)
    {
      set_errno (path.error);
      syscall_printf ("-1 = chdir (%s)", in_dir);
      return -1;
    }

  int res = -1;
  const char *posix_cwd = NULL;
  dev_t devn = path.get_device ();
  if (!path.exists ())
    set_errno (ENOENT);
  else if (!path.isdir ())
    set_errno (ENOTDIR);
  else if (!isvirtual_dev (devn))
    {
      /* The sequence chdir("xx"); chdir(".."); must be a noop if xx
	 is not a symlink. This is exploited by find.exe.
	 The posix_cwd is just path.normalized_path.
	 In other cases we let cwd.set obtain the Posix path through
	 the mount table. */
      if (!isdrive(path.normalized_path))
	posix_cwd = path.normalized_path;
      res = 0;
    }
  else
   {
     posix_cwd = path.normalized_path;
     res = 0;
   }

  if (!res)
    res = cygheap->cwd.set (&path, posix_cwd);

  /* Note that we're accessing cwd.posix without a lock here.  I didn't think
     it was worth locking just for strace. */
  syscall_printf ("%R = chdir() cygheap->cwd.posix '%s' native '%S'", res,
		  cygheap->cwd.get_posix (), path.get_nt_native_path ());
  MALLOC_CHECK;
  return res;
}

extern "C" int
fchdir (int fd)
{
  int res;
  cygheap_fdget cfd (fd);
  if (cfd >= 0)
    res = chdir (cfd->get_name ());
  else
    res = -1;

  syscall_printf ("%R = fchdir(%d)", res, fd);
  return res;
}

/******************** Exported Path Routines *********************/

/* Cover functions to the path conversion routines.
   These are exported to the world as cygwin_foo by cygwin.din.  */

#define return_with_errno(x) \
  do {\
    int err = (x);\
    if (!err)\
     return 0;\
    set_errno (err);\
    return -1;\
  } while (0)

extern "C" ssize_t
cygwin_conv_path (cygwin_conv_path_t what, const void *from, void *to,
		  size_t size)
{
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  myfault efault;
  if (efault.faulted (EFAULT))
    return -1;

  path_conv p;
  size_t lsiz = 0;
  char *buf = NULL;
  PWCHAR path = NULL;
  int error = 0;
  bool relative = !!(what & CCP_RELATIVE);
  what &= CCP_CONVTYPE_MASK;

  if (!from)
    {
      set_errno (EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }

  switch (what)
    {
    case CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A:
      {
	p.check ((const char *) from,
		 PC_POSIX | PC_SYM_FOLLOW | PC_SYM_NOFOLLOW_REP
		 | PC_NO_ACCESS_CHECK | PC_NOWARN | (relative ? PC_NOFULL : 0));
	if (p.error)
	  return_with_errno (p.error);
	PUNICODE_STRING up = p.get_nt_native_path ();
	buf = tp.c_get ();
	sys_wcstombs (buf, NT_MAX_PATH,
		      up->Buffer, up->Length / sizeof (WCHAR));
	/* Convert native path to standard DOS path. */
	if (!strncmp (buf, "\\??\\", 4))
	  {
	    buf += 4;
	    if (buf[1] != ':') /* native UNC path */
	      *(buf += 2) = '\\';
	  }
	else if (*buf == '\\')
	  {
	    /* Device name points to somewhere else in the NT namespace.
	       Use GLOBALROOT prefix to convert to Win32 path. */
	    char *p = buf + sys_wcstombs (buf, NT_MAX_PATH,
					  ro_u_globalroot.Buffer,
					  ro_u_globalroot.Length
					  / sizeof (WCHAR));
	    sys_wcstombs (p, NT_MAX_PATH - (p - buf),
			  up->Buffer, up->Length / sizeof (WCHAR));
	  }
	lsiz = strlen (buf) + 1;
	/* TODO: Incoming "." is a special case which leads to a trailing
	   backslash ".\\" in the Win32 path.  That's a result of the
	   conversion in normalize_posix_path.  This should not occur
	   so the below code is just a band-aid. */
	if (relative && !strcmp ((const char *) from, ".")
	    && !strcmp (buf, ".\\"))
	  {
	    lsiz = 2;
	    buf[1] = '\0';
	  }
      }
      break;
    case CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_W:
      p.check ((const char *) from,
	       PC_POSIX | PC_SYM_FOLLOW | PC_SYM_NOFOLLOW_REP
	       | PC_NO_ACCESS_CHECK | PC_NOWARN | (relative ? PC_NOFULL : 0));
      if (p.error)
	return_with_errno (p.error);
      /* Relative Windows paths are always restricted to MAX_PATH chars. */
      if (relative && !isabspath (p.get_win32 ())
	  && sys_mbstowcs (NULL, 0, p.get_win32 ()) > MAX_PATH)
	{
	  /* Recreate as absolute path. */
	  p.check ((const char *) from, PC_POSIX | PC_SYM_FOLLOW
					| PC_NO_ACCESS_CHECK | PC_NOWARN);
	  if (p.error)
	    return_with_errno (p.error);
	}
      lsiz = p.get_wide_win32_path_len () + 1;
      path = p.get_nt_native_path ()->Buffer;

      /* Convert native path to standard DOS path. */
      if (!wcsncmp (path, L"\\??\\", 4))
	{
	  path[1] = L'\\';

	  /* Drop long path prefix for short pathnames.  Unfortunately there's
	     quite a bunch of Win32 functions, especially in user32.dll,
	     apparently, which don't grok long path names at all, not even
	     in the UNICODE API. */
	  if ((path[5] == L':' && lsiz <= MAX_PATH + 4)
	      || (!wcsncmp (path + 4, L"UNC\\", 4) && lsiz <= MAX_PATH + 6))
	    {
	      path += 4;
	      lsiz -= 4;
	      if (path[1] != L':')
		{
		  *(path += 2) = '\\';
		  lsiz -= 2;
		}
	    }
	}
      else if (*path == L'\\')
	{
	  /* Device name points to somewhere else in the NT namespace.
	     Use GLOBALROOT prefix to convert to Win32 path. */
	  to = (void *) wcpcpy ((wchar_t *) to, ro_u_globalroot.Buffer);
	  lsiz += ro_u_globalroot.Length / sizeof (WCHAR);
	}
      /* TODO: Same ".\\" band-aid as in CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A case. */
      if (relative && !strcmp ((const char *) from, ".")
	  && !wcscmp (path, L".\\"))
	{
	  lsiz = 2;
	  path[1] = L'\0';
	}
      lsiz *= sizeof (WCHAR);
      break;
    case CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX:
      buf = tp.c_get ();
      error = mount_table->conv_to_posix_path ((const char *) from, buf,
					       relative);
      if (error)
	return_with_errno (error);
      lsiz = strlen (buf) + 1;
      break;
    case CCP_WIN_W_TO_POSIX:
      buf = tp.c_get ();
      error = mount_table->conv_to_posix_path ((const PWCHAR) from, buf,
					       relative);
      if (error)
	return_with_errno (error);
      lsiz = strlen (buf) + 1;
      break;
    default:
      set_errno (EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
  if (!size)
    return lsiz;
  if (size < lsiz)
    {
      set_errno (ENOSPC);
      return -1;
    }
  switch (what)
    {
    case CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A:
    case CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX:
    case CCP_WIN_W_TO_POSIX:
      stpcpy ((char *) to, buf);
      break;
    case CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_W:
      wcpcpy ((PWCHAR) to, path);
      break;
    }
  return 0;
}

extern "C" void *
cygwin_create_path (cygwin_conv_path_t what, const void *from)
{
  void *to;
  ssize_t size = cygwin_conv_path (what, from, NULL, 0);
  if (size <= 0)
    to = NULL;
  else if (!(to = malloc (size)))
    to = NULL;
  if (cygwin_conv_path (what, from, to, size) == -1)
    {
      free (to);
      to = NULL;
    }
  return to;
}

#ifndef __x86_64__	/* Disable deprecated functions on x86_64. */

extern "C" int
cygwin_conv_to_win32_path (const char *path, char *win32_path)
{
  return cygwin_conv_path (CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A | CCP_RELATIVE, path, win32_path,
			   MAX_PATH);
}

extern "C" int
cygwin_conv_to_full_win32_path (const char *path, char *win32_path)
{
  return cygwin_conv_path (CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A | CCP_ABSOLUTE, path, win32_path,
			   MAX_PATH);
}

/* This is exported to the world as cygwin_foo by cygwin.din.  */

extern "C" int
cygwin_conv_to_posix_path (const char *path, char *posix_path)
{
  return cygwin_conv_path (CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX | CCP_RELATIVE, path, posix_path,
			   MAX_PATH);
}

extern "C" int
cygwin_conv_to_full_posix_path (const char *path, char *posix_path)
{
  return cygwin_conv_path (CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX | CCP_ABSOLUTE, path, posix_path,
			   MAX_PATH);
}

#endif /* !__x86_64__ */

/* The realpath function is required by POSIX:2008.  */

extern "C" char *
realpath (const char *path, char *resolved)
{
  /* Make sure the right errno is returned if path is NULL. */
  if (!path)
    {
      set_errno (EINVAL);
      return NULL;
    }

  /* Guard reading from a potentially invalid path and writing to a
     potentially invalid resolved. */
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  myfault efault;
  if (efault.faulted (EFAULT))
    return NULL;

  /* Win32 drive letter paths have to be converted to a POSIX path first,
     because path_conv leaves the incoming path untouched except for
     converting backslashes to forward slashes. */
  char *tpath;
  if (isdrive (path))
    {
      tpath = tp.c_get ();
      mount_table->conv_to_posix_path (path, tpath, 0);
    }
  else
    tpath = (char *) path;

  path_conv real_path (tpath, PC_SYM_FOLLOW | PC_POSIX, stat_suffixes);


  /* POSIX 2008 requires malloc'ing if resolved is NULL, and states
     that using non-NULL resolved is asking for portability
     problems.  */

  if (!real_path.error && real_path.exists ())
    {
      if (!resolved)
	{
	  resolved = (char *) malloc (strlen (real_path.normalized_path) + 1);
	  if (!resolved)
	    return NULL;
	}
      strcpy (resolved, real_path.normalized_path);
      return resolved;
    }

  /* FIXME: on error, Linux puts the name of the path
     component which could not be resolved into RESOLVED, but POSIX
     does not require this.  */
  if (resolved)
    resolved[0] = '\0';
  set_errno (real_path.error ?: ENOENT);
  return NULL;
}

/* Linux provides this extension.  Since the only portable use of
   realpath requires a NULL second argument, we might as well have a
   one-argument wrapper.  */
extern "C" char *
canonicalize_file_name (const char *path)
{
  return realpath (path, NULL);
}

/* Return non-zero if path is a POSIX path list.
   This is exported to the world as cygwin_foo by cygwin.din.

DOCTOOL-START
<sect1 id="add-func-cygwin-posix-path-list-p">
  <para>Rather than use a mode to say what the "proper" path list
  format is, we allow any, and give apps the tools they need to
  convert between the two.  If a ';' is present in the path list it's
  a Win32 path list.  Otherwise, if the first path begins with
  [letter]: (in which case it can be the only element since if it
  wasn't a ';' would be present) it's a Win32 path list.  Otherwise,
  it's a POSIX path list.</para>
</sect1>
DOCTOOL-END
  */

extern "C" int
cygwin_posix_path_list_p (const char *path)
{
  int posix_p = !(strchr (path, ';') || isdrive (path));
  return posix_p;
}

/* These are used for apps that need to convert env vars like PATH back and
   forth.  The conversion is a two step process.  First, an upper bound on the
   size of the buffer needed is computed.  Then the conversion is done.  This
   allows the caller to use alloca if it wants.  */

static int
conv_path_list_buf_size (const char *path_list, bool to_posix)
{
  int i, num_elms, max_mount_path_len, size;
  const char *p;

  path_conv pc(".", PC_POSIX);
  /* The theory is that an upper bound is
     current_size + (num_elms * max_mount_path_len)  */
  /* FIXME: This method is questionable in the long run. */

  unsigned nrel;
  char delim = to_posix ? ';' : ':';
  for (p = path_list, num_elms = nrel = 0; p; num_elms++)
    {
      if (!isabspath (p))
	nrel++;
      p = strchr (++p, delim);
    }

  /* 7: strlen ("//c") + slop, a conservative initial value */
  for (max_mount_path_len = sizeof ("/cygdrive/X"), i = 0;
       i < mount_table->nmounts; i++)
    {
      int mount_len = (to_posix
		       ? mount_table->mount[i].posix_pathlen
		       : mount_table->mount[i].native_pathlen);
      if (max_mount_path_len < mount_len)
	max_mount_path_len = mount_len;
    }

  /* 100: slop */
  size = strlen (path_list)
    + (num_elms * max_mount_path_len)
    + (nrel * strlen (to_posix ? pc.normalized_path : pc.get_win32 ()))
    + 100;

  return size;
}

extern "C" ssize_t
env_PATH_to_posix (const void *win32, void *posix, size_t size)
{
  return_with_errno (conv_path_list ((const char *) win32, (char *) posix,
				     size, ENV_CVT));
}

#ifndef __x86_64__	/* Disable deprecated functions on x86_64. */

extern "C" int
cygwin_win32_to_posix_path_list_buf_size (const char *path_list)
{
  return conv_path_list_buf_size (path_list, true);
}

extern "C" int
cygwin_posix_to_win32_path_list_buf_size (const char *path_list)
{
  return conv_path_list_buf_size (path_list, false);
}

extern "C" int
cygwin_win32_to_posix_path_list (const char *win32, char *posix)
{
  return_with_errno (conv_path_list (win32, posix, MAX_PATH,
		     CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX | CCP_RELATIVE));
}

extern "C" int
cygwin_posix_to_win32_path_list (const char *posix, char *win32)
{
  return_with_errno (conv_path_list (posix, win32, MAX_PATH,
		     CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A | CCP_RELATIVE));
}

#endif /* !__x86_64__ */

extern "C" ssize_t
cygwin_conv_path_list (cygwin_conv_path_t what, const void *from, void *to,
		       size_t size)
{
  int ret;
  char *winp = NULL;
  void *orig_to = NULL;
  tmp_pathbuf tp;

  switch (what & CCP_CONVTYPE_MASK)
    {
    case CCP_WIN_W_TO_POSIX:
      if (!sys_wcstombs_alloc (&winp, HEAP_NOTHEAP, (const wchar_t *) from,
			       (size_t) -1))
	return -1;
      what = (what & ~CCP_CONVTYPE_MASK) | CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX;
      from = (const void *) winp;
      break;
    case CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_W:
      if (size == 0)
	return conv_path_list_buf_size ((const char *) from, 0)
	       * sizeof (WCHAR);
      what = (what & ~CCP_CONVTYPE_MASK) | CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A;
      orig_to = to;
      to = (void *) tp.w_get ();
      size = 65536;
      break;
    }
  switch (what & CCP_CONVTYPE_MASK)
    {
    case CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX:
    case CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_A:
      if (size == 0)
	return conv_path_list_buf_size ((const char *) from,
					what == CCP_WIN_A_TO_POSIX);
      ret = conv_path_list ((const char *) from, (char *) to, size, what);
      /* Free winp buffer in case of CCP_WIN_W_TO_POSIX. */
      if (winp)
      	free (winp);
      /* Convert to WCHAR in case of CCP_POSIX_TO_WIN_W. */
      if (orig_to)
	sys_mbstowcs ((wchar_t *) orig_to, size / sizeof (WCHAR),
		      (const char *) to, (size_t) -1);
      return_with_errno (ret);
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  set_errno (EINVAL);
  return -1;
}

/* cygwin_split_path: Split a path into directory and file name parts.
   Buffers DIR and FILE are assumed to be big enough.

   Examples (path -> `dir' / `file'):
   / -> `/' / `'
   "" -> `.' / `'
   . -> `.' / `.' (FIXME: should this be `.' / `'?)
   .. -> `.' / `..' (FIXME: should this be `..' / `'?)
   foo -> `.' / `foo'
   foo/bar -> `foo' / `bar'
   foo/bar/ -> `foo' / `bar'
   /foo -> `/' / `foo'
   /foo/bar -> `/foo' / `bar'
   c: -> `c:/' / `'
   c:/ -> `c:/' / `'
   c:foo -> `c:/' / `foo'
   c:/foo -> `c:/' / `foo'
 */

extern "C" void
cygwin_split_path (const char *path, char *dir, char *file)
{
  int dir_started_p = 0;

  /* Deal with drives.
     Remember that c:foo <==> c:/foo.  */
  if (isdrive (path))
    {
      *dir++ = *path++;
      *dir++ = *path++;
      *dir++ = '/';
      if (!*path)
	{
	  *dir = 0;
	  *file = 0;
	  return;
	}
      if (isdirsep (*path))
	++path;
      dir_started_p = 1;
    }

  /* Determine if there are trailing slashes and "delete" them if present.
     We pretend as if they don't exist.  */
  const char *end = path + strlen (path);
  /* path + 1: keep leading slash.  */
  while (end > path + 1 && isdirsep (end[-1]))
    --end;

  /* At this point, END points to one beyond the last character
     (with trailing slashes "deleted").  */

  /* Point LAST_SLASH at the last slash (duh...).  */
  const char *last_slash;
  for (last_slash = end - 1; last_slash >= path; --last_slash)
    if (isdirsep (*last_slash))
      break;

  if (last_slash == path)
    {
      *dir++ = '/';
      *dir = 0;
    }
  else if (last_slash > path)
    {
      memcpy (dir, path, last_slash - path);
      dir[last_slash - path] = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      if (dir_started_p)
	; /* nothing to do */
      else
	*dir++ = '.';
      *dir = 0;
    }

  memcpy (file, last_slash + 1, end - last_slash - 1);
  file[end - last_slash - 1] = 0;
}

static inline void
copy_cwd_str (PUNICODE_STRING tgt, PUNICODE_STRING src)
{
  RtlCopyUnicodeString (tgt, src);
  if (tgt->Buffer[tgt->Length / sizeof (WCHAR) - 1] != L'\\')
    {
      tgt->Buffer[tgt->Length / sizeof (WCHAR)] = L'\\';
      tgt->Length += sizeof (WCHAR);
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************/

/* The find_fast_cwd_pointer function and parts of the
   cwdstuff::override_win32_cwd method are based on code using the
   following license:

   Copyright 2010 John Carey. All rights reserved.

   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   are met:

      1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above
      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
      disclaimer.

      2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
      with the distribution.

   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JOHN CAREY ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
   OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
   ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JOHN CAREY OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
   LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
   CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
   OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
   BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
   LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
   USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
   DAMAGE. */

void
fcwd_access_t::SetFSCharacteristics (LONG val)
{
  /* Special case FSCharacteristics.  Didn't exist originally. */
  switch (fast_cwd_version ())
    {
    case FCWD_OLD:
      break;
    case FCWD_W7:
      f7.FSCharacteristics = val;
      break;
    case FCWD_W8:
      f8.FSCharacteristics = val;
      break;
    }
}

fcwd_version_t &
fcwd_access_t::fast_cwd_version ()
{
  return cygheap->cwd.fast_cwd_version;
}

void
fcwd_access_t::CopyPath (UNICODE_STRING &target)
{
  /* Copy the Path contents over into the UNICODE_STRING referenced by
     target.  This is used to set the CurrentDirectoryName in the
     user parameter block. */
  target = Path ();
}

void
fcwd_access_t::Free (PVOID heap)
{
  /* Decrement the reference count.  If it's down to 0, free
     structure from heap. */
  if (this && InterlockedDecrement (&ReferenceCount ()) == 0)
    {
      /* In contrast to pre-Vista, the handle on init is always a
	 fresh one and not the handle inherited from the parent
	 process.  So we always have to close it here.  However, the
	 handle could be NULL, if we cd'ed into a virtual dir. */
      HANDLE h = DirectoryHandle ();
      if (h)
	NtClose (h);
      RtlFreeHeap (heap, 0, this);
    }
}

void
fcwd_access_t::FillIn (HANDLE dir, PUNICODE_STRING name,
			ULONG old_dismount_count)
{
  /* Fill in all values into this FAST_CWD structure. */
  DirectoryHandle () = dir;
  ReferenceCount () = 1;
  OldDismountCount () = old_dismount_count;
  /* The new structure stores the device characteristics of the
     volume holding the dir.  RtlGetCurrentDirectory_U checks
     if the FILE_REMOVABLE_MEDIA flag is set and, if so, checks if
     the volume is still the same as the one used when opening
     the directory handle.
     We don't call NtQueryVolumeInformationFile for the \\?\PIPE,
     though.  It just returns STATUS_INVALID_HANDLE anyway. */
  if (fast_cwd_version () != FCWD_OLD)
    {
      SetFSCharacteristics (0);
      if (name != &ro_u_pipedir)
	{
	  IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;
	  FILE_FS_DEVICE_INFORMATION ffdi;
	  if (NT_SUCCESS (NtQueryVolumeInformationFile (dir, &io, &ffdi,
			  sizeof ffdi, FileFsDeviceInformation)))
	    SetFSCharacteristics (ffdi.Characteristics);
	}
    }
  RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString (&Path (), Buffer (),
			     MAX_PATH * sizeof (WCHAR));
  copy_cwd_str (&Path (), name);
}

void
fcwd_access_t::SetDirHandleFromBufferPointer (PWCHAR buf_p, HANDLE dir)
{
  /* Input: The buffer pointer as it's stored in the user parameter block
     and a directory handle.
     This function computes the address to the FAST_CWD structure based
     on the version and overwrites the directory handle.  It is only
     used if we couldn't figure out the address of fast_cwd_ptr. */
  fcwd_access_t *f_cwd;
  switch (fast_cwd_version ())
    {
    case FCWD_OLD:
    default:
      f_cwd = (fcwd_access_t *)
	((PBYTE) buf_p - __builtin_offsetof (FAST_CWD_OLD, Buffer));
    case FCWD_W7:
      f_cwd = (fcwd_access_t *)
	((PBYTE) buf_p - __builtin_offsetof (FAST_CWD_7, Buffer));
    case FCWD_W8:
      f_cwd = (fcwd_access_t *)
	((PBYTE) buf_p - __builtin_offsetof (FAST_CWD_8, Buffer));
    }
  f_cwd->DirectoryHandle () = dir;
}

void
fcwd_access_t::SetVersionFromPointer (PBYTE buf_p, bool is_buffer)
{
  /* Given a pointer to the FAST_CWD structure (is_buffer == false) or a
     pointer to the Buffer within (is_buffer == true), this function
     computes the FAST_CWD version by checking that Path.MaximumLength
     equals MAX_PATH, and that Path.Buffer == Buffer. */
  if (is_buffer)
    buf_p -= __builtin_offsetof (FAST_CWD_8, Buffer);
  fcwd_access_t *f_cwd = (fcwd_access_t *) buf_p;
  if (f_cwd->f8.Path.MaximumLength == MAX_PATH * sizeof (WCHAR)
      && f_cwd->f8.Path.Buffer == f_cwd->f8.Buffer)
    fast_cwd_version () = FCWD_W8;
  else if (f_cwd->f7.Path.MaximumLength == MAX_PATH * sizeof (WCHAR)
	   && f_cwd->f7.Path.Buffer == f_cwd->f7.Buffer)
    fast_cwd_version () = FCWD_W7;
  else
    fast_cwd_version () = FCWD_OLD;
}

/* This function scans the code in ntdll.dll to find the address of the
   global variable used to access the CWD starting with Vista.  While the
   pointer is global, it's not exported from the DLL, unfortunately.
   Therefore we have to use some knowledge to figure out the address.

   This code has been tested on Vista 32/64 bit, Server 2008 32/64 bit,
   Windows 7 32/64 bit, Server 2008 R2 (which is only 64 bit anyway),
   and W8CP 32/64 bit.  There's some hope this will still work for
   Windows 8 RTM... */

#ifdef __x86_64__

#define peek32(x)	(*(int32_t *)(x))

static fcwd_access_t **
find_fast_cwd_pointer ()
{
  /* Fetch entry points of relevant functions in ntdll.dll. */
  HMODULE ntdll = GetModuleHandle ("ntdll.dll");
  if (!ntdll)
    return NULL;
  const uint8_t *get_dir = (const uint8_t *)
			   GetProcAddress (ntdll, "RtlGetCurrentDirectory_U");
  const uint8_t *ent_crit = (const uint8_t *)
			    GetProcAddress (ntdll, "RtlEnterCriticalSection");
  if (!get_dir || !ent_crit)
    return NULL;
  /* Search first relative call instruction in RtlGetCurrentDirectory_U. */
  const uint8_t *rcall = (const uint8_t *) memchr (get_dir, 0xe8, 40);
  if (!rcall)
    return NULL;
  /* Fetch offset from instruction and compute address of called function.
     This function actually fetches the current FAST_CWD instance and
     performs some other actions, not important to us. */
  const uint8_t *use_cwd = rcall + 5 + peek32 (rcall + 1);
  /* Next we search for the locking mechanism and perform a sanity check.
     On Pre-Windows 8 we basically look for the RtlEnterCriticalSection call.
     Windows 8 does not call RtlEnterCriticalSection.  The code manipulates
     the FastPebLock manually, probably because RtlEnterCriticalSection has
     been converted to an inline function.  Either way, we test if the code
     uses the FastPebLock. */
  const uint8_t *movrbx;
  const uint8_t *lock = (const uint8_t *)
                        memmem ((const char *) use_cwd, 80,
                                "\xf0\x0f\xba\x35", 4);
  if (lock)
    {
      /* The lock instruction tweaks the LockCount member, which is not at
      	 the start of the PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION structure.  So we have to
	 subtract the offset of LockCount to get the real address. */
      PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION lockaddr =
        (PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION) (lock + 9 + peek32 (lock + 4)
                                 - offsetof (RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION, LockCount));
      /* Test if lock address is FastPebLock. */
      if (lockaddr != NtCurrentTeb ()->Peb->FastPebLock)
        return NULL;
      /* Search `mov rel(%rip),%rbx'.  This is the instruction fetching the
         address of the current fcwd_access_t pointer, and it should be pretty
	 near to the locking stuff. */
      movrbx = (const uint8_t *) memmem ((const char *) lock, 40,
                                         "\x48\x8b\x1d", 3);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Usually the callq RtlEnterCriticalSection follows right after
	 fetching the lock address. */
      int call_rtl_offset = 7;
      /* Search `lea rel(%rip),%rcx'.  This loads the address of the lock into
         %rcx for the subsequent RtlEnterCriticalSection call. */
      lock = (const uint8_t *) memmem ((const char *) use_cwd, 80,
                                       "\x48\x8d\x0d", 3);
      if (!lock)
	{
	  /* Windows 8.1 Preview calls `lea rel(rip),%r12' then some unrelated
	     or, then `mov %r12,%rcx', then `callq RtlEnterCriticalSection'. */
	  lock = (const uint8_t *) memmem ((const char *) use_cwd, 80,
					   "\x4c\x8d\x25", 3);
	  if (!lock)
	    return NULL;
	  call_rtl_offset = 14;
	}
      PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION lockaddr =
        (PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION) (lock + 7 + peek32 (lock + 3));
      /* Test if lock address is FastPebLock. */
      if (lockaddr != NtCurrentTeb ()->Peb->FastPebLock)
        return NULL;
      /* Next is the `callq RtlEnterCriticalSection'. */
      lock += call_rtl_offset;
      if (lock[0] != 0xe8)
        return NULL;
      const uint8_t *call_addr = (const uint8_t *)
                                 (lock + 5 + peek32 (lock + 1));
      if (call_addr != ent_crit)
        return NULL;
      /* In contrast to the above Windows 8 code, we don't have to search
	 for the `mov rel(%rip),%rbx' instruction.  It follows right after
	 the call to RtlEnterCriticalSection. */
      movrbx = lock + 5;
    }
  if (!movrbx)
    return NULL;
  /* Check that the next instruction tests if the fetched value is NULL. */
  const uint8_t *testrbx = (const uint8_t *)
			   memmem (movrbx + 7, 3, "\x48\x85\xdb", 3);
  if (!testrbx)
    return NULL;
  /* Compute address of the fcwd_access_t ** pointer. */
  return (fcwd_access_t **) (testrbx + peek32 (movrbx + 3));
}
#else

#define peek32(x)	(*(uint32_t *)(x))

static fcwd_access_t **
find_fast_cwd_pointer ()
{
  /* Fetch entry points of relevant functions in ntdll.dll. */
  HMODULE ntdll = GetModuleHandle ("ntdll.dll");
  if (!ntdll)
    return NULL;
  const uint8_t *get_dir = (const uint8_t *)
			   GetProcAddress (ntdll, "RtlGetCurrentDirectory_U");
  const uint8_t *ent_crit = (const uint8_t *)
			    GetProcAddress (ntdll, "RtlEnterCriticalSection");
  if (!get_dir || !ent_crit)
    return NULL;
  /* Search first relative call instruction in RtlGetCurrentDirectory_U. */
  const uint8_t *rcall = (const uint8_t *) memchr (get_dir, 0xe8, 32);
  if (!rcall)
    return NULL;
  /* Fetch offset from instruction and compute address of called function.
     This function actually fetches the current FAST_CWD instance and
     performs some other actions, not important to us. */
  ptrdiff_t offset = (ptrdiff_t) peek32 (rcall + 1);
  const uint8_t *use_cwd = rcall + 5 + offset;
  /* Find first `push %edi' instruction. */
  const uint8_t *pushedi = (const uint8_t *) memchr (use_cwd, 0x57, 32);
  /* ...which should be followed by `mov crit-sect-addr,%edi' then
     `push %edi', or by just a single `push crit-sect-addr'. */
  const uint8_t *movedi = pushedi + 1;
  const uint8_t *mov_pfast_cwd;
  if (movedi[0] == 0x8b && movedi[1] == 0xff)	/* mov %edi,%edi -> W8 */
    {
      /* Windows 8 does not call RtlEnterCriticalSection.  The code manipulates
      	 the FastPebLock manually, probably because RtlEnterCriticalSection has
	 been converted to an inline function.

	 Next we search for a `mov some address,%eax'.  This address points
	 to the LockCount member of the FastPebLock structure, so the address
	 is equal to FastPebLock + 4. */
      const uint8_t *moveax = (const uint8_t *) memchr (movedi, 0xb8, 16);
      if (!moveax)
	return NULL;
      offset = (ptrdiff_t) peek32 (moveax + 1) - 4;
      /* Compare the address with the known PEB lock as stored in the PEB. */
      if ((PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION) offset != NtCurrentTeb ()->Peb->FastPebLock)
	return NULL;
      /* Now search for the mov instruction fetching the address of the global
	 PFAST_CWD *. */
      mov_pfast_cwd = moveax;
      do
	{
	  mov_pfast_cwd = (const uint8_t *) memchr (++mov_pfast_cwd, 0x8b, 48);
	}
      while (mov_pfast_cwd && mov_pfast_cwd[1] != 0x1d
	     && (mov_pfast_cwd - moveax) < 48);
      if (!mov_pfast_cwd || mov_pfast_cwd[1] != 0x1d)
	return NULL;
    }
  else
    {
      if (movedi[0] == 0xbf && movedi[5] == 0x57)
	rcall = movedi + 6;
      else if (movedi[0] == 0x68)
	rcall = movedi + 5;
      else if (movedi[0] == 0x88 && movedi[4] == 0x83 && movedi[7] == 0x68)
	{
	  /* Windows 8.1 Preview: The `mov lock_addr,%edi' is actually a
	     `mov %cl,15(%esp), followed by an `or #-1,%ebx, followed by a
	     `push lock_addr'. */
	  movedi += 7;
	  rcall = movedi + 5;
	}
      else
	return NULL;
      /* Compare the address used for the critical section with the known
	 PEB lock as stored in the PEB. */
      if ((PRTL_CRITICAL_SECTION) peek32 (movedi + 1)
	  != NtCurrentTeb ()->Peb->FastPebLock)
	return NULL;
      /* To check we are seeing the right code, we check our expectation that
	 the next instruction is a relative call into RtlEnterCriticalSection. */
      if (rcall[0] != 0xe8)
	return NULL;
      /* Check that this is a relative call to RtlEnterCriticalSection. */
      offset = (ptrdiff_t) peek32 (rcall + 1);
      if (rcall + 5 + offset != ent_crit)
	return NULL;
      mov_pfast_cwd = rcall + 5;
    }
  /* After locking the critical section, the code should read the global
     PFAST_CWD * pointer that is guarded by that critical section. */
  if (mov_pfast_cwd[0] != 0x8b)
    return NULL;
  return (fcwd_access_t **) peek32 (mov_pfast_cwd + 2);
}
#endif

static fcwd_access_t **
find_fast_cwd ()
{
  /* Fetch the pointer but don't set the global fast_cwd_ptr yet.  First
     we have to make sure we know the version of the FAST_CWD structure
     used on the system. */
  fcwd_access_t **f_cwd_ptr = find_fast_cwd_pointer ();
  if (!f_cwd_ptr)
    system_printf ("WARNING: Couldn't compute FAST_CWD pointer.  "
		   "Please report this problem to\nthe public mailing "
		   "list cygwin@cygwin.com");
  if (f_cwd_ptr && *f_cwd_ptr)
    {
      /* Just evaluate structure version. */
      fcwd_access_t::SetVersionFromPointer ((PBYTE) *f_cwd_ptr, false);
    }
  else
    {
      /* If we couldn't fetch fast_cwd_ptr, or if fast_cwd_ptr is NULL(*)
	 we have to figure out the version from the Buffer pointer in the
	 ProcessParameters.

	 (*) This is very unlikely to happen when starting the first
	 Cygwin process, since it only happens when starting the
	 process in a directory which can't be used as CWD by Win32, or
	 if the directory doesn't exist.  But *if* it happens, we have
	 no valid FAST_CWD structure, even though upp_cwd_str.Buffer is
	 not NULL in that case.  So we let the OS create a valid
	 FAST_CWD structure temporarily to have something to work with.
	 We know the pipe FS works. */
      PEB &peb = *NtCurrentTeb ()->Peb;

      if (f_cwd_ptr	/* so *f_cwd_ptr == NULL */
	  && !NT_SUCCESS (RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U (&ro_u_pipedir)))
	api_fatal ("Couldn't set directory to %S temporarily.\n"
		   "Cannot continue.", &ro_u_pipedir);
      RtlEnterCriticalSection (peb.FastPebLock);
      fcwd_access_t::SetVersionFromPointer
	((PBYTE) peb.ProcessParameters->CurrentDirectoryName.Buffer, true);
      RtlLeaveCriticalSection (peb.FastPebLock);
    }
  /* Eventually, after we set the version as well, set fast_cwd_ptr. */
  return f_cwd_ptr;
}

void
cwdstuff::override_win32_cwd (bool init, ULONG old_dismount_count)
{
  HANDLE h = NULL;

  PEB &peb = *NtCurrentTeb ()->Peb;
  UNICODE_STRING &upp_cwd_str = peb.ProcessParameters->CurrentDirectoryName;
  HANDLE &upp_cwd_hdl = peb.ProcessParameters->CurrentDirectoryHandle;

  if (wincap.has_fast_cwd ())
    {
      if (fast_cwd_ptr == (fcwd_access_t **) -1)
	fast_cwd_ptr = find_fast_cwd ();
      if (fast_cwd_ptr)
	{
	  /* Default method starting with Vista.  If we got a valid value for
	     fast_cwd_ptr, we can simply replace the RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U
	     function entirely, just as on pre-Vista. */
	  PVOID heap = peb.ProcessHeap;
	  /* First allocate a new fcwd_access_t structure on the heap.
	     The new fcwd_access_t structure is 4 byte bigger than the old one,
	     but we simply don't care, so we allocate always room for the
	     new one. */
	  fcwd_access_t *f_cwd = (fcwd_access_t *)
			    RtlAllocateHeap (heap, 0, sizeof (fcwd_access_t));
	  if (!f_cwd)
	    {
	      debug_printf ("RtlAllocateHeap failed");
	      return;
	    }
	  /* Fill in the values. */
	  f_cwd->FillIn (dir, error ? &ro_u_pipedir : &win32,
			 old_dismount_count);
	  /* Use PEB lock when switching fast_cwd_ptr to the new FAST_CWD
	     structure and writing the CWD to the user process parameter
	     block.  This is equivalent to calling RtlAcquirePebLock/
	     RtlReleasePebLock, but without having to go through the FS
	     selector again. */
	  RtlEnterCriticalSection (peb.FastPebLock);
	  fcwd_access_t *old_cwd = *fast_cwd_ptr;
	  *fast_cwd_ptr = f_cwd;
	  f_cwd->CopyPath (upp_cwd_str);
	  upp_cwd_hdl = dir;
	  RtlLeaveCriticalSection (peb.FastPebLock);
	  old_cwd->Free (heap);
	}
      else
	{
	  /* This is more a hack, and it's only used on Vista and later if we
	     failed to find the fast_cwd_ptr value.  What we do here is to call
	     RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U and let it set up a new FAST_CWD
	     structure.  Afterwards, compute the address of that structure
	     utilizing the fact that the buffer address in the user process
	     parameter block is actually pointing to the buffer in that
	     FAST_CWD structure.  Then replace the directory handle in that
	     structure with our own handle and close the original one.

	     Note that the call to RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U also closes our
	     old dir handle, so there won't be any handle left open.

	     This method is prone to two race conditions:

	     - Due to the way RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U opens the directory
	       handle, the directory is locked against deletion or renaming
	       between the RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U and the subsequent NtClose
	       call.

	     - When another thread calls SetCurrentDirectory at exactly the
	       same time, a crash might occur, or worse, unrelated data could
	       be overwritten or NtClose could be called on an unrelated handle.

	     Therefore, use this *only* as a fallback. */
	  if (!init)
	    {
	      NTSTATUS status =
		RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U (error ? &ro_u_pipedir : &win32);
	      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
		{
		  debug_printf ("RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U(%S) failed, %y",
				error ? &ro_u_pipedir : &win32, status);
		  return;
		}
	    }
	  else if (upp_cwd_hdl == NULL)
	    return;
	  RtlEnterCriticalSection (peb.FastPebLock);
	  fcwd_access_t::SetDirHandleFromBufferPointer(upp_cwd_str.Buffer, dir);
	  h = upp_cwd_hdl;
	  upp_cwd_hdl = dir;
	  RtlLeaveCriticalSection (peb.FastPebLock);
	  /* In contrast to pre-Vista, the handle on init is always a fresh one
	     and not the handle inherited from the parent process.  So we always
	     have to close it here. */
	  NtClose (h);
	}
    }
  else
    {
      /* This method is used for all pre-Vista OSes.  We simply set the values
	 for the CWD in the user process parameter block entirely by ourselves
	 under PEB lock condition.  This is how RtlSetCurrentDirectory_U worked
	 in these older OSes, so we're safe.

	 Note that we can't just RtlEnterCriticalSection (peb.FastPebLock)
	 on pre-Vista.  RtlAcquirePebLock was way more complicated back then. */
      RtlAcquirePebLock ();
      if (!init)
	copy_cwd_str (&upp_cwd_str, error ? &ro_u_pipedir : &win32);
      h = upp_cwd_hdl;
      upp_cwd_hdl = dir;
      RtlReleasePebLock ();
      /* Only on init, the handle is potentially a native handle.  However,
	 if it's identical to dir, it's the inherited handle from a Cygwin
	 parent process and must not be closed. */
      if (h && h != dir)
	NtClose (h);
    }
}

/* Initialize cygcwd 'muto' for serializing access to cwd info. */
void
cwdstuff::init ()
{
  cwd_lock.init ("cwd_lock");

  /* Cygwin processes inherit the cwd from their parent.  If the win32 path
     buffer is not NULL, the cwd struct is already set up, and we only
     have to override the Win32 CWD with ours. */
  if (win32.Buffer)
    override_win32_cwd (true, SharedUserData.DismountCount);
  else
    {
      /* Initialize fast_cwd stuff. */
      fast_cwd_ptr = (fcwd_access_t **) -1;
      fast_cwd_version = FCWD_W7;
      /* Initially re-open the cwd to allow POSIX semantics. */
      set (NULL, NULL);
    }
}

/* Chdir and fill out the elements of a cwdstuff struct. */
int
cwdstuff::set (path_conv *nat_cwd, const char *posix_cwd)
{
  NTSTATUS status;
  UNICODE_STRING upath;
  PEB &peb = *NtCurrentTeb ()->Peb;
  bool virtual_path = false;
  bool unc_path = false;
  bool inaccessible_path = false;

  /* Here are the problems with using SetCurrentDirectory.  Just skip this
     comment if you don't like whining.

     - SetCurrentDirectory only supports paths of up to MAX_PATH - 1 chars,
       including a trailing backslash.  That's an absolute restriction, even
       in the UNICODE API.

     - SetCurrentDirectory fails for directories with strict permissions even
       for processes with the SE_BACKUP_NAME privilege enabled.  The reason
       is apparently that SetCurrentDirectory calls NtOpenFile without the
       FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT flag set.

     - SetCurrentDirectory does not support case-sensitivity.

     - Unlinking a cwd fails because SetCurrentDirectory seems to open
       directories so that deleting the directory is disallowed.

     - SetCurrentDirectory can naturally not work on virtual Cygwin paths
       like /proc or /cygdrive.

     Unfortunately, even though we have access to the Win32 process parameter
     block, we can't just replace the directory handle.  Starting with Vista,
     the handle is used elsewhere, and just replacing the handle in the process
     parameter block shows quite surprising results.
     FIXME: If we ever find a *safe* way to replace the directory handle in
     the process parameter block, we're back in business.

     Nevertheless, doing entirely without SetCurrentDirectory is not really
     feasible, because it breaks too many mixed applications using the Win32
     API.

     Therefore we handle the CWD all by ourselves and just keep the Win32
     CWD in sync.  However, to avoid surprising behaviour in the Win32 API
     when we are in a CWD which is inaccessible as Win32 CWD, we set the
     Win32 CWD to a "weird" directory in which all relative filesystem-related
     calls fail. */

  cwd_lock.acquire ();

  if (nat_cwd)
    {
      upath = *nat_cwd->get_nt_native_path ();
      if (nat_cwd->isspecial ())
	virtual_path = true;
    }

  /* Memorize old DismountCount before opening the dir.  This value is
     stored in the FAST_CWD structure on Vista and later.  It would be
     simpler to fetch the old DismountCount in override_win32_cwd, but
     Windows also fetches it before opening the directory handle.  It's
     not quite clear if that's really required, but since we don't know
     the side effects of this action, we better follow Windows' lead. */
  ULONG old_dismount_count = SharedUserData.DismountCount;
  /* Open a directory handle with FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT and with all
     sharing flags set.  The handle is right now used in exceptions.cc only,
     but that might change in future. */
  HANDLE h = NULL;
  if (!virtual_path)
    {
      IO_STATUS_BLOCK io;
      OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES attr;

      if (!nat_cwd)
	{
	  /* On init, just reopen Win32 CWD with desired access flags.
	     We can access the PEB without lock, because no other thread
	     can change the CWD. */
	  RtlInitUnicodeString (&upath, L"");
	  InitializeObjectAttributes (&attr, &upath,
			OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE | OBJ_INHERIT,
			peb.ProcessParameters->CurrentDirectoryHandle, NULL);
	}
      else
	InitializeObjectAttributes (&attr, &upath,
			nat_cwd->objcaseinsensitive () | OBJ_INHERIT,
			NULL, NULL);
      /* First try without FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT, to find out if the
	 directory is valid for Win32 apps.  And, no, we can't just call
	 SetCurrentDirectory here, since that would potentially break
	 case-sensitivity. */
      status = NtOpenFile (&h, SYNCHRONIZE | FILE_TRAVERSE, &attr, &io,
			   FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
			   FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE
			   | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT);
      if (status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED)
	{
	  status = NtOpenFile (&h, SYNCHRONIZE | FILE_TRAVERSE, &attr, &io,
			       FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS,
			       FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE
			       | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
			       | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT);
	  inaccessible_path = true;
	}
      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	{
	  cwd_lock.release ();
	  __seterrno_from_nt_status (status);
	  return -1;
	}
    }
  /* Set new handle.  Note that we simply overwrite the old handle here
     without closing it.  The handle is also used as Win32 CWD handle in
     the user parameter block, and it will be closed in override_win32_cwd,
     if required. */
  dir = h;

  if (!nat_cwd)
    {
      /* On init, just fetch the Win32 dir from the PEB.  We can access
	 the PEB without lock, because no other thread can change the CWD
	 at that time. */
      PUNICODE_STRING pdir = &peb.ProcessParameters->CurrentDirectoryName;
      RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString (&win32,
				 (PWCHAR) crealloc_abort (win32.Buffer,
							  pdir->Length
							  + sizeof (WCHAR)),
				 pdir->Length + sizeof (WCHAR));
      RtlCopyUnicodeString (&win32, pdir);

      PWSTR eoBuffer = win32.Buffer + (win32.Length / sizeof (WCHAR));
      /* Remove trailing slash if one exists. */
      if ((eoBuffer - win32.Buffer) > 3 && eoBuffer[-1] == L'\\')
	win32.Length -= sizeof (WCHAR);
      if (eoBuffer[0] == L'\\')
	unc_path = true;

      posix_cwd = NULL;
    }
  else
    {
      if (!virtual_path) /* don't mangle virtual path. */
	{
	  /* Convert into Win32 path and compute length. */
	  if (upath.Buffer[1] == L'?')
	    {
	      upath.Buffer += 4;
	      upath.Length -= 4 * sizeof (WCHAR);
	      if (upath.Buffer[1] != L':')
		{
		  /* UNC path */
		  upath.Buffer += 2;
		  upath.Length -= 2 * sizeof (WCHAR);
		  unc_path = true;
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* Path via native NT namespace.  Prepend GLOBALROOT prefix
		 to create a valid Win32 path. */
	      PWCHAR buf = (PWCHAR) alloca (upath.Length
					    + ro_u_globalroot.Length
					    + sizeof (WCHAR));
	      wcpcpy (wcpcpy (buf, ro_u_globalroot.Buffer), upath.Buffer);
	      upath.Buffer = buf;
	      upath.Length += ro_u_globalroot.Length;
	    }
	  PWSTR eoBuffer = upath.Buffer + (upath.Length / sizeof (WCHAR));
	  /* Remove trailing slash if one exists. */
	  if ((eoBuffer - upath.Buffer) > 3 && eoBuffer[-1] == L'\\')
	    upath.Length -= sizeof (WCHAR);
	}
      RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString (&win32,
				 (PWCHAR) crealloc_abort (win32.Buffer,
							  upath.Length
							  + sizeof (WCHAR)),
				 upath.Length + sizeof (WCHAR));
      RtlCopyUnicodeString (&win32, &upath);
      if (unc_path)
	win32.Buffer[0] = L'\\';
    }
  /* Make sure it's NUL-terminated. */
  win32.Buffer[win32.Length / sizeof (WCHAR)] = L'\0';

  /* Set drive_length, used in path conversion, and error code, used in
     spawn_guts to decide whether a native Win32 app can be started or not. */
  if (virtual_path)
    {
      drive_length = 0;
      error = ENOTDIR;
    }
  else
    {
      if (!unc_path)
	drive_length = 2;
      else
	{
	  PWCHAR ptr = wcschr (win32.Buffer + 2, L'\\');
	  if (ptr)
	    ptr = wcschr (ptr + 1, L'\\');
	  if (ptr)
	    drive_length = ptr - win32.Buffer;
	  else
	    drive_length = win32.Length / sizeof (WCHAR);
	}
      if (inaccessible_path)
	error = EACCES;
      else if (win32.Length > (MAX_PATH - 2) * sizeof (WCHAR))
	error = ENAMETOOLONG;
      else
	error = 0;
    }
  /* Keep the Win32 CWD in sync.  Don't check for error, other than for
     strace output.  Try to keep overhead low. */
  override_win32_cwd (!nat_cwd, old_dismount_count);

  /* Eventually, create POSIX path if it's not set on entry. */
  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  if (!posix_cwd)
    {
      posix_cwd = (const char *) tp.c_get ();
      mount_table->conv_to_posix_path (win32.Buffer, (char *) posix_cwd, 0);
    }
  posix = (char *) crealloc_abort (posix, strlen (posix_cwd) + 1);
  stpcpy (posix, posix_cwd);

  cwd_lock.release ();
  return 0;
}

const char *
cwdstuff::get_error_desc () const
{
  switch (cygheap->cwd.get_error ())
    {
    case EACCES:
      return "has restricted permissions which render it\n"
	     "inaccessible as Win32 working directory";
    case ENOTDIR:
      return "is a virtual Cygwin directory which does\n"
	     "not exist for a native Windows application";
    case ENAMETOOLONG:
      return "has a path longer than allowed for a\n"
	     "Win32 working directory";
    default:
      break;
    }
  /* That shouldn't occur, unless we defined a new error code
     in cwdstuff::set. */
  return "is not accessible for some unknown reason";
}

/* Store incoming wchar_t path as current posix cwd.  This is called from
   setlocale so that the cwd is always stored in the right charset. */
void
cwdstuff::reset_posix (wchar_t *w_cwd)
{
  size_t len = sys_wcstombs (NULL, (size_t) -1, w_cwd);
  posix = (char *) crealloc_abort (posix, len + 1);
  sys_wcstombs (posix, len + 1, w_cwd);
}

char *
cwdstuff::get (char *buf, int need_posix, int with_chroot, unsigned ulen)
{
  MALLOC_CHECK;

  tmp_pathbuf tp;
  if (ulen)
    /* nothing */;
  else if (buf == NULL)
    ulen = (unsigned) -1;
  else
    {
      set_errno (EINVAL);
      goto out;
    }

  cwd_lock.acquire ();

  char *tocopy;
  if (!need_posix)
    {
      tocopy = tp.c_get ();
      sys_wcstombs (tocopy, NT_MAX_PATH, win32.Buffer,
		    win32.Length / sizeof (WCHAR));
    }
  else
    tocopy = posix;

  debug_printf ("posix %s", posix);
  if (strlen (tocopy) >= ulen)
    {
      set_errno (ERANGE);
      buf = NULL;
    }
  else
    {
      if (!buf)
	buf = (char *) malloc (strlen (tocopy) + 1);
      strcpy (buf, tocopy);
      if (!buf[0])	/* Should only happen when chroot */
	strcpy (buf, "/");
    }

  cwd_lock.release ();

out:
  syscall_printf ("(%s) = cwdstuff::get (%p, %u, %d, %d), errno %d",
		  buf, buf, ulen, need_posix, with_chroot, errno);
  MALLOC_CHECK;
  return buf;
}

int etc::curr_ix = 0;
/* Note that the first elements of the below arrays are unused */
bool etc::change_possible[MAX_ETC_FILES + 1];
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES etc::fn[MAX_ETC_FILES + 1];
LARGE_INTEGER etc::last_modified[MAX_ETC_FILES + 1];

int
etc::init (int n, POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES attr)
{
  if (n > 0)
    /* ok */;
  else if (++curr_ix <= MAX_ETC_FILES)
    n = curr_ix;
  else
    api_fatal ("internal error");

  fn[n] = *attr;
  change_possible[n] = false;
  test_file_change (n);
  paranoid_printf ("fn[%d] %S, curr_ix %d", n, fn[n].ObjectName, curr_ix);
  return n;
}

bool
etc::test_file_change (int n)
{
  NTSTATUS status;
  FILE_NETWORK_OPEN_INFORMATION fnoi;
  bool res;

  status = NtQueryFullAttributesFile (&fn[n], &fnoi);
  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
    {
      res = true;
      memset (last_modified + n, 0, sizeof (last_modified[n]));
      debug_printf ("NtQueryFullAttributesFile (%S) failed, %y",
		    fn[n].ObjectName, status);
    }
  else
    {
      res = CompareFileTime ((FILETIME *) &fnoi.LastWriteTime,
			     (FILETIME *) last_modified + n) > 0;
      last_modified[n].QuadPart = fnoi.LastWriteTime.QuadPart;
    }

  paranoid_printf ("fn[%d] %S res %d", n, fn[n].ObjectName, res);
  return res;
}

bool
etc::dir_changed (int n)
{
  /* io MUST be static because NtNotifyChangeDirectoryFile works asynchronously.
     It may write into io after the function has left, which may result in all
     sorts of stack corruption. */
  static IO_STATUS_BLOCK io NO_COPY;
  static HANDLE changed_h NO_COPY;

  if (!change_possible[n])
    {
      NTSTATUS status;

      if (!changed_h)
	{
	  OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES attr;

	  path_conv dir ("/etc");
	  status = NtOpenFile (&changed_h, SYNCHRONIZE | FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,
			       dir.get_object_attr (attr, sec_none_nih), &io,
			       FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS, FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE);
	  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	    {
#ifdef DEBUGGING
	      system_printf ("NtOpenFile (%S) failed, %y",
			     dir.get_nt_native_path (), status);
#endif
	      changed_h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      status = NtNotifyChangeDirectoryFile (changed_h, NULL, NULL,
						NULL, &io, NULL, 0,
						FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE
						| FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME,
						FALSE);
	      if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
		{
#ifdef DEBUGGING
		  system_printf ("NtNotifyChangeDirectoryFile (1) failed, %y",
				 status);
#endif
		  NtClose (changed_h);
		  changed_h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
		}
	    }
	  memset (change_possible, true, sizeof (change_possible));
	}

      if (changed_h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	change_possible[n] = true;
      else if (WaitForSingleObject (changed_h, 0) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
	{
	  status = NtNotifyChangeDirectoryFile (changed_h, NULL, NULL,
						NULL, &io, NULL, 0,
						FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE
						| FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME,
						FALSE);
	  if (!NT_SUCCESS (status))
	    {
#ifdef DEBUGGING
	      system_printf ("NtNotifyChangeDirectoryFile (2) failed, %y",
			     status);
#endif
	      NtClose (changed_h);
	      changed_h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	    }
	  memset (change_possible, true, sizeof change_possible);
	}
    }

  paranoid_printf ("fn[%d] %S change_possible %d",
		   n, fn[n].ObjectName, change_possible[n]);
  return change_possible[n];
}

bool
etc::file_changed (int n)
{
  bool res = false;
  if (dir_changed (n) && test_file_change (n))
    res = true;
  change_possible[n] = false;	/* Change is no longer possible */
  paranoid_printf ("fn[%d] %S res %d", n, fn[n].ObjectName, res);
  return res;
}

/* No need to be reentrant or thread-safe according to SUSv3.
   / and \\ are treated equally.  Leading drive specifiers are
   kept intact as far as it makes sense.  Everything else is
   POSIX compatible. */
extern "C" char *
basename (char *path)
{
  static char buf[4];
  char *c, *d, *bs = path;

  if (!path || !*path)
    return strcpy (buf, ".");
  if (isalpha (path[0]) && path[1] == ':')
    bs += 2;
  else if (strspn (path, "/\\") > 1)
    ++bs;
  c = strrchr (bs, '/');
  if ((d = strrchr (c ?: bs, '\\')) > c)
    c = d;
  if (c)
    {
      /* Trailing (back)slashes are eliminated. */
      while (c && c > bs && c[1] == '\0')
	{
	  *c = '\0';
	  c = strrchr (bs, '/');
	  if ((d = strrchr (c ?: bs, '\\')) > c)
	    c = d;
	}
      if (c && (c > bs || c[1]))
	return c + 1;
    }
  else if (!bs[0])
    {
      stpncpy (buf, path, bs - path);
      stpcpy (buf + (bs - path), ".");
      return buf;
    }
  return path;
}

/* No need to be reentrant or thread-safe according to SUSv3.
   / and \\ are treated equally.  Leading drive specifiers and
   leading double (back)slashes are kept intact as far as it
   makes sense.  Everything else is POSIX compatible. */
extern "C" char *
dirname (char *path)
{
  static char buf[4];
  char *c, *d, *bs = path;

  if (!path || !*path)
    return strcpy (buf, ".");
  if (isalpha (path[0]) && path[1] == ':')
    bs += 2;
  else if (strspn (path, "/\\") > 1)
    ++bs;
  c = strrchr (bs, '/');
  if ((d = strrchr (c ?: bs, '\\')) > c)
    c = d;
  if (c)
    {
      /* Trailing (back)slashes are eliminated. */
      while (c && c > bs && c[1] == '\0')
	{
	  *c = '\0';
	  c = strrchr (bs, '/');
	  if ((d = strrchr (c ?: bs, '\\')) > c)
	    c = d;
	}
      if (!c)
	strcpy (bs, ".");
      else if (c > bs)
	{
	  /* More trailing (back)slashes are eliminated. */
	  while (c > bs && (*c == '/' || *c == '\\'))
	    *c-- = '\0';
	}
      else
	c[1] = '\0';
    }
  else
    {
      stpncpy (buf, path, bs - path);
      stpcpy (buf + (bs - path), ".");
      return buf;
    }
  return path;
}